{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:10:04Z","timestamp":1774653004421,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Distinct virulence factors of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> have been associated with clinical outcome of the infection; however, considerable variations have been reported from different geographic regions and data on genotypes of Turkish <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> isolates are sparse.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To determine the prevalence of specific genotypes of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> in Turkish patients with dyspepsia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods: \u2002<\/jats:bold> Ninety\u2010three <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive patients [30 with non\u2010ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), 30 with duodenal ulcer (DU), and 33 with gastric cancer (GC)] who were admitted to our endoscopy unit due to dyspepsia were enrolled in the study. <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was confirmed in all patients by histology and rapid urease test (RUT). The presence of <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> alleles, <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>iceA<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>babA2<\/jats:italic> genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chi\u2010squared test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical comparisons and multivariate regression analysis was performed to find out independent predictors of different clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Turkish strains examined predominantly possessed the <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> s1,m2 (48.4%) and s1,m1 (40.7%) genotypes. The <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> s1a genotype was detected in 66.7, 96.4, and 87.9% of isolates from patients with NUD, DU, and GC, respectively, and its presence was significantly associated with that of DU (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.004), GC (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic> .043), and <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> gene (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.021). None of the cases was found to harbor the s1c genotype.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The frequencies of the <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic> genes among studied isolates were 73.6 and 59.3%, respectively. The <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic> gene was significantly associated with the presence of DU (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.004) and GC (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.003), and the <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic> gene, too, was significantly associated with the presence of DU (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.002) and GC (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.000).<\/jats:p><jats:p>All <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> isolates possessed the <jats:italic>iceA<\/jats:italic> gene. In all, 68 isolates (74.7%) were positive for <jats:italic>iceA1<\/jats:italic> and 23 (25.3%) for <jats:italic>iceA2<\/jats:italic>. The frequency of <jats:italic>icea1<\/jats:italic> gene was significantly higher in cases with GC (85%) than in cases with NUD (60%) (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.026).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The frequency of <jats:italic>babA2<\/jats:italic> gene was 23.3, 46.4, and 87.9% in isolates of patients with NUD, DU, and GC, respectively. When compared to cases with NUD (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.000) and DU (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.000), the presence of <jats:italic>babA2<\/jats:italic> gene was significantly higher in cases with GC.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Multivariate regression analysis disclosed <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.006) and <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> s1a (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.027) genotypes to be independent predictors of DU and <jats:italic>babA2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.000) and <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.013) genotypes to be independent predictors of GC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori vacA<\/jats:italic> s1a, <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic> genotypes have significant relations with the presence of DU and GC, and <jats:italic>iceA1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>babA2<\/jats:italic> with GC in Turkish patients with dyspepsia, whereas <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> s1a genotypes are independent predictors of DU, and <jats:italic>babA2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>cagE<\/jats:italic> genotypes are independent predictors of GC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2006.00461.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T20:25:07Z","timestamp":1162499107000},"page":"574-580","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori vacA<\/i>, <i>cagA<\/i>, <i>cagE<\/i>, <i>iceA<\/i>, <i>babA2<\/i> Genotypes and Correlation with Clinical Outcome in Turkish Patients with 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