{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:20:39Z","timestamp":1785280839404,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Colonization of the gastric mucosa by <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> is often associated with chronic gastric pathologies in humans. Development of disease correlates with the presence of distinct bacterial pathogenicity factors, such as the <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic> type IV secretion system (<jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\u2010T4SS), the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), or the ability of the bacteria to acquire and incorporate cholesterol from human tissue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The in vitro growth of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> requires media (Brucella broth) complemented with vitamins and horse serum or cyclodextrins, prepared as blood agar plates or liquid cultures. Liquid cultures usually show a slow growth. Here, we describe the successful growth of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> strains 26695, P217, P12, and 60190 on serum\u2010free media replacing serum components or cyclodextrins with a commercially available cholesterol solution.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The effects of cholesterol as a substitute for serum or cyclodextrin were rigorously tested for growth of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> on agar plates in vitro, for its general effects on bacterial protein synthesis (the proteome level), for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2019s natural competence and plasmid DNA transfer, for the production of VacA, and the general function of the <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\u2010pathogenicity island and its encoded <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\u2010T4SS. Generally, growth of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> with cholesterol instead of serum supplementation did not reveal any restrictions in the physiology and functionality of the bacteria except for strain 26695 showing a reduced growth on cholesterol media, whereas strain 60190 grew more efficient in cholesterol\u2010 versus serum\u2010supplemented liquid medium.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The use of cholesterol represents a considerable option to serum complementation of growth media for in vitro growth of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2011.00926.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T15:06:35Z","timestamp":1331219195000},"page":"133-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effects of Cholesterol on <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> Growth and Virulence Properties In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Luisa 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