{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:22:27Z","timestamp":1762100547644,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]],"date-time":"2006-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Headache"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective.\u2014To compare the contractile responses to \u03b1\u2010adrenergic receptor agonists and 5\u2010HT in the rat carotid artery after ovariectomy and subsequent hormone replacement with 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol, progesterone, or the combination of 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol and progesterone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Background.\u2014The prevalence of migraine is higher in women than in men, and changes in 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol levels seem to affect the frequency of attacks in female migraineurs. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods.\u2014After 1 week of acclimatization (Day 0), female Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were either sham\u2010operated or bilateral ovariectomized. One week later (Day 7), the ovariectomized rats were subcutaneously implanted with a pellet releasing over a 21\u2010day period either placebo, 0.25 mg 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol, 50 mg progesterone, or the combination of the 2 hormones. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 7, and 21 to measure plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. On days 25 to 28, the animals were killed to isolate carotid artery and mount its segments in Mulvany myographs. Cumulative concentration response curves to \u03b1\u2010adrenergic receptor agonists and 5\u2010HT were constructed in the absence or presence of suitable antagonists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Results.\u2014The potency of norepinephrine in ovariectomized rats was significantly reduced in animals treated with progesterone as compared to those with placebo. In placebo\u2010treated ovariectomized animals there was a noticeable response mediated by \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010adrenoceptors, in contrast to that in sham\u2010operated or ovariectomized rats treated with 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol and progesterone, either alone or in combination. The plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were not significantly affected by either ovariectomy or the subsequent hormone replacement. The potency of 5\u2010HT was significantly reduced in animals having circulating sex hormones as compared to that in placebo\u2010treated ovariectomized animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion.\u2014Taken together, our results indicate that circulating progesterone and\/or 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol may reduce the contraction of the rat carotid artery in response to norepinephrine and 5\u2010HT. This effect of female sex hormones might be one of the factors through which these hormones aggravate migraine in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00530.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]],"date-time":"2006-07-12T10:36:59Z","timestamp":1152700619000},"page":"236-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rat Carotid Artery Responses to \u03b1\u2010Adrenergic Receptor Agonists and 5\u2010HT After Ovariectomy and Hormone Replacement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Suneet","family":"Mehrotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Villal\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Boomsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramod R.","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"MaassenVanDenBrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00768-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"The role of sex hormones in headache","volume":"42","author":"Silberstein SD","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Headaches and hormones: Subjective versus objective assessment","volume":"8","author":"MacGregor EA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Headache Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620020-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.22.4.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.3.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(05)85114-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1984.tb07782.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513598809023619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6561.1540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200060060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161033386826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"469","volume-title":"The Headaches","author":"Saxena PR","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92287-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extracranial blood flow, pain and tenderness in migraine. 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