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These may occur as a result of natural ovarian cycles, or in response to the withdrawal of exogenously administered estrogen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Background.\u2014A wide variety of evidence indicates that cyclic ovarian sex steroid production affects the clinical expression of migraine. This has led to interest in the use of hormonal treatments for migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods.\u2014A PubMed search of the literature was conducted using the terms \u201cmigraine,\u201d\u201ctreatment,\u201d\u201cestrogen,\u201d\u201chormones,\u201d\u201cmenopause,\u201c and \u201cmenstrual migraine.\u201d Articles were selected on the basis of relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results.\u2014The overarching goal of hormonal treatment regimens for migraine is minimization of estrogen fluctuations. For migraine associated with the menstrual cycle, supplemental estrogen may be administered in the late luteal phase of the natural menstrual cycle or during the pill\u2010free week of traditional combination oral contraceptives. Modified contraceptive regimens may be used that extend the duration of active hormone use, minimize the duration or extent of hormone withdrawal, or both. In menopause, hormonally associated migraine is most likely to be due to estrogen\u2010replacement regimens, and treatment generally involves manipulating these regimens. Evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of these regimens is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions.\u2014Hormonal treatment of migraine is not a first\u2010line treatment strategy for most women with migraine. Evidence is lacking regarding its long term harms and migraine is a contraindication to the use of exogenous estrogen in all women with aura and those aged 35 or older. The harm to benefit balances of several traditional nonhormonal therapies are better established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00710.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,13]],"date-time":"2007-02-13T23:29:45Z","timestamp":1171409385000},"page":"329-340","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Hormonal Management of Migraine Associated With Menses and the Menopause: A Clinical Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Loder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Rizzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1985.hed2507376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.041007646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000133134.68143.2E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(93)90121-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1981.hed2105201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2005.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91716-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000126555"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","first-page":"212","article-title":"Estrogen changes as a critical factor in modulation of central opioid tonus: Possible correlations with post\u2010menopausal migraine","volume":"5","author":"Genazzani AR","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.3.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.3.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1972.hed1203093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.22.4.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.21.8.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1996.3606367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-006-0599-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.6.1076"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. 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