{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:45:50Z","timestamp":1790484350659,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,6]],"date-time":"2006-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Purpose:<\/jats:italic> Evidence suggests that enzyme\u2010inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may decrease serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D (25\u2010OHD) levels and increase bone turnover. We sought to determine whether these are affected by treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) or oxcarbazepine (OXC).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> We measured serum levels of 25\u2010OHD, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OCLN), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and urinary N\u2010telopeptides of type I collagen cross\u2010links (NTX) in normal controls (n = 24) and in epilepsy patients taking CBZ (n = 21) or OXC (n = 24) in monotherapy. CBZ patients were subsequently switched overnight to OXC monotherapy, and after 6 weeks, the tests were repeated.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> 25\u2010OHD levels were lower in each drug\u2010treated group (OXC, 19.4 \u00b1 2.3 pg\/ml; CBZ, 20.4 \u00b1 2.4) than in the controls (27.5 \u00b1 2.8) (ANOVA, p = 0.052). This difference was significant for the OXC group (p &lt; 0.05). PTH, BAP, and NTX did not differ significantly among groups. OCLN levels were somewhat elevated in the OXC group (2.79 \u00b1 0.47 ng\/ml) and more clearly and significantly elevated in the CBZ group (3.63 \u00b1 0.36) compared with controls (2.38 \u00b1 0.41) (p = 0.053). Because the data were very similar between OXC and CBZ groups, they were combined to increase statistical power. The combined drug\u2010treatment group had significantly higher BAP (p = 0.02) and lower 25\u2010OHD (p = 0.015) than did controls. The latter remained significant even after accounting for the confounding effects of age on 25\u2010OHD levels (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were found after CBZ patients were switched to OXC.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> Epilepsy patients taking OXC or CBZ have significantly lower 25\u2010OHD than do normal controls, with a pattern of changes in other bone biomarkers suggestive of secondary hyperparathyroidism. It may be prudent for patients taking CBZ or OXC to be prescribed 25\u2010OHD replacement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00460.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,6]],"date-time":"2006-03-06T09:10:53Z","timestamp":1141636253000},"page":"510-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Vitamin D Levels and Bone Turnover in Epilepsy Patients Taking Carbamazepine or Oxcarbazepine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Mintzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanthi","family":"Boppana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Toguri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"DeSantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5727.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200115080-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000125185.74276.D2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1976.tb06747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1984.tb00806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1983.tb04809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.13002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200003)47:3<385::AID-ANA18>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Trabecular bone mineralization lag time determined by tetracycline double\u2010labeling in normal and certain pathological conditions","volume":"88","author":"Melsen F","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Long\u2010term anticonvulsant therapy leads to low bone mineral density\u2013evidence for direct drug effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on human osteoblast\u2010like cells","volume":"108","author":"Feldkamp J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"Canadian Osteoporosis Society.Calcium calculator [online]. 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