{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:37:28Z","timestamp":1794494248986,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,22]],"date-time":"2011-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a category of death in people with epilepsy occurring in the absence of a known structural cause of death and is most likely heterogeneous with regard to mechanisms and circumstances. SUDEP is particularly difficult to investigate in research studies for several reasons, including its relatively low incidence, its unpredictable occurrence often in unwitnessed settings, and its low rate of complete autopsy examinations. Over the past two decades, two complementary definitions have been used in most SUDEP studies, but often with variations. We propose here a unified SUDEP definition and classification to resolve current ambiguities and to retrieve cases that would not have been further studied if the previous definitions were used. The proposed Unified SUDEP Definition and Classification contains, in addition to concepts inherent in the previous definitions, nine main recommendations. (1) The word \u201cunexpected,\u201d and not the word \u201cunexplained,\u201d should be uniformly used in the term\n                    <jats:italic>SUDEP<\/jats:italic>\n                    . (2) The SUDEP category should be applied when appropriate, whether or not a terminal seizure is known to have occurred. (3) The \u201cPossible SUDEP\u201d category should be used only for cases with competing causes of death, with cases left unclassified when data are insufficient to reasonably permit their classification. (4) Cases that would otherwise fulfill the definition of SUDEP should be designated as \u201cSUDEP Plus\u201d when evidence indicates that a preexisting condition, known before or after autopsy, could have contributed to the death, which otherwise is classified as SUDEP (e.g., coronary insufficiency with no evidence of myocardial infarction or long\u2010QT syndrome with no documented primary ventricular arrhythmia leading to death). (5) To be considered SUDEP, the death should have occurred within 1\u2003h from the onset of a known terminal event. (6) For status epilepticus as an exclusion criterion for SUDEP, the duration of seizure activity should be 30\u2003min or more. (7) A specific category of SUDEP due to asphyxia should not be designated, the distinction being largely impractical on circumstantial or autopsy evidence, with more than one mechanism likely to be contributory in many cases. (8) Death occurring in water but without circumstantial or autopsy evidence of submersion should be classified as \u201cPossible SUDEP.\u201d If any evidence of submersion is present, the death should not be classified as SUDEP. (9) A category of \u201cNear\u2010SUDEP\u201d should be agreed to include cases in which cardiorespiratory arrest was reversed by resuscitation efforts with subsequent survival for more than 1\u2003h. Scenarios that demonstrate the basis for each SUDEP category are described. If disagreement exists about which category fits a particular case, we suggest the use of consensus decision by a panel of informed reviewers to adjudicate the classification of the case.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03358.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,22]],"date-time":"2011-12-22T15:29:17Z","timestamp":1324567757000},"page":"227-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":552,"title":["Unifying the definitions of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Nashef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elson L.","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Ryvlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"Tomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb06137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn277"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(05)80171-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821de7de"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.2.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.439"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1982.tb05079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1984.tb04159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000146240.92905.7e"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb06130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.3.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.3.349"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","article-title":"MORTEMUS (Mortality in Epilepsy Monitoring Unit Study): preliminary findings","volume":"50","author":"Ryvlin P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911610"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00667.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02719.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.6.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70202-3"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1528-1167.2011.03358.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03358.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T07:11:15Z","timestamp":1698649875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03358.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03358.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03358.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,22]]}}}