{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:53:50Z","timestamp":1792245230762,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review summarizes the findings obtained over the past 70\u2003years on the fundamental mechanisms underlying generalized spike\u2010wave (SW) discharges associated with absence seizures. Thalamus and cerebral cortex are the brain areas that have attracted most of the attention from both clinical and experimental researchers. However, these studies have often favored either one or the other structure in playing a major role, thus leading to conflicting interpretations. Beginning with Jasper and Penfield\u2019s topistic view of absence seizures as the result of abnormal functions in the so\u2010called <jats:italic>centrencephalon<\/jats:italic>, we witness the naissance of a broader concept that considered both thalamus and cortex as equal players in the process of SW discharge generation. Furthermore, we discuss how recent studies have identified fine changes in cortical and thalamic excitability that may account for the expression of absence seizures in naturally occurring genetic rodent models and knockout mice. The end of this fascinating tale is presumably far from being written. However, I can confidently conclude that in the unfolding of this \u201cnovel,\u201d we have discovered several molecular, cellular, and pharmacologic mechanisms that govern forebrain excitability, and thus consciousness, during the awake state and sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03421.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T17:59:08Z","timestamp":1330019948000},"page":"779-789","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["A brief history on the oscillating roles of thalamus and cortex in absence seizures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Avoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020612"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7478","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-19-07478.2000","article-title":"Cortical feedback controls the frequency and synchrony of oscillations in the visual thalamus","volume":"20","author":"Bal T","year":"2000","journal-title":"J 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