{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T04:56:18Z","timestamp":1775624178010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]],"date-time":"2012-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Depression is an important but underdiagnosed complication of epilepsy. This study compares potentially suitable screening tools head\u2010to\u2010head.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We enrolled 266 attendees with a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy at a specialized neurologic epilepsy service in London and compared verbal self\u2010report and visual analog (VAS) screening methods for depression. These included two generic depression scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI\u2010II]), one epilepsy specific scale (Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy [NDDI\u2010E]) and one new visual\u2010analog scale (Emotional Thermometers [ET]). We used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM\u2010IV) criteria for major depression and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD\u201010) criteria for depressive episode as the reference standard.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Key Findings:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Against ICD\u201010\u2013defined depression the most accurate scales by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area were HADS Total (HADS\u2010T, 0.924), BDI\u2010II (0.898) and NDDI\u2010E (0.897). New visual\u2010analog methods had similar accuracy measured either in combination or individually. Although no test performed well in a case\u2010finding role, several performed well as a rule\u2010out initial step, owing to high negative predictive value and specificity. In this role, the optimal performing conventional tools were the HADS depression subsscale (HADS\u2010D) and the NDDI\u2010E and the optimal single VAS were the depression thermometer (DepT) and the distress thermometer (DT). Against DSM\u2010IV\u2013 defined major depression, results were similar with optimal performance by the HADS\u2010T, BDI\u2010II, and NDDI\u2010E, but here the anxiety thermometer (AnxT) as well as DepT and DT also offered good performance. Given that no test performed well in a case\u2010finding role, we suggest that these tests are used as an initial first step to rule out patients who are unlikely to have depression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Significance:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We suggest that the six\u2010item NDDI\u2010E or seven\u2010item HADS\u2010D should be considered if a conventional scale is preferred and that the revised ET4 be considered if a visual\u2010analog method is required. Follow\u2010up examination and intervention, where indicated, are necessary in all those who screen positive on any measure as these are not intended as diagnostic tools.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03571.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T02:05:30Z","timestamp":1341540330000},"page":"1713-1721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Screening for depression in epilepsy clinics. A comparison of conventional and visual\u2010analog methods"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Rampling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Von Oertzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Docker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jemima","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Cock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niruj","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00309-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70175-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-7-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509360040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000138430.11829.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0876-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70415-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.49704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1535-7511.2006.00125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9561-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1557"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"S96","article-title":"A large scale validation of the emotion thermometers as a screening tool for major depression in an ethnically diverse cancer population","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"NCCN. 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