{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:04:44Z","timestamp":1793466284764,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,6]],"date-time":"2006-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective: <\/jats:bold> (1) To perform a 9\u2010year study of abstinence, lapse, and relapse in 180 chronic alcoholic patients, participants of the <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>utpatient <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>ongterm <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>ntensive <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>herapy for <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>lcoholics (OLITA); (2) To investigate the role of supervised alcohol deterrents (AD) in relapse prevention and as an adjunct for maintenance of long\u2010term abstinence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method: <\/jats:bold> This prospective open treatment study evaluates the long\u2010term course of drinking outcomes and AD use of 180 chronic alcoholics consecutively admitted from 1993 to 2002. Subsamples are compared for (1) sham\u2010AD versus verum\u2010AD (disulfiram\/calcium carbimide), (2) coped lapses versus finally detrimental lapses versus malignant relapses, and (3) AD use for 13 to 20 versus &gt;20 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> In this 9\u2010year study, the cumulative probability of not having relapsed was 0.52, and that of not having consumed any alcohol was 0.26. Despite long\u2010term use, disulfiram\/calcium carbimide was well tolerated. Patients on sham\u2010AD (due to contraindications to verum\u2010AD) showed higher cumulative abstinence probability than patients on verum (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>=0.86 vs. <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>=0.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.03). Detrimental lapses and malignant relapses occurred earlier than successfully coped lapses (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001); patients with detrimental lapse and with malignant relapse had fewer days of AD intake and less subsequent days without AD than patients with coped lapse (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). The cumulative abstinence probability was <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>=0.75 for patients with long\u2010term intake compared with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>=0.50 for patients who stopped AD between months 13 and 20 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> An abstinence rate of &gt;50% in this 9\u2010year study strongly supports the concept of comprehensive, long\u2010term outpatient treatment of alcoholics. Supervised, guided intake of AD, also over extended periods, can be used as a predominantly psychologically acting ingredient of successful alcoholism therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00013.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,8]],"date-time":"2006-07-08T00:33:54Z","timestamp":1152318834000},"page":"86-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Follow\u2010up of 180 Alcoholic Patients for up to 7 Years After Outpatient Treatment: Impact of Alcohol Deterrents on Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Henning","family":"Krampe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Stawicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Aust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckart","family":"R\u00fcther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Poser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Ehrenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(76)90021-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(82)90050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Recent developments in disulfiram treatment","volume":"28","author":"Brewer C","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcoholism"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200014050-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"The modern assessment of personality disorders","volume":"31","author":"Bronisch T","year":"1998","journal-title":"II. 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