{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:37:43Z","timestamp":1792798663072,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]],"date-time":"2006-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1140739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that both oxidative stress and abnormal cytokine production, especially tumor necrosis factor\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (TNF), play important etiological roles in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Agents that have both antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammation properties, particularly anti\u2010TNF production, represent promising therapeutic interventions for ALD. We investigated the effects and the possible mechanism(s) of silymarin on liver injury induced by acute ethanol (EtOH) administration.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Nine\u2010week\u2010old mice were divided into 4 groups, control, silymarin treatment, EtOH treatment, and silymarin\/EtOH treatment, with 6 mice in each group. Because control and silymarin values were virtually identical, only control treatment is shown for ease of viewing. Ethanol\u2010treated mice received EtOH [5 g\/kg body weight (BW)] by gavage every 12 hours for a total of 3 doses. Control mice received an isocalorical maltose solution. In the silymarin\/EtOH group, silymarin was dissolved in the EtOH and gavaged simultaneously with EtOH at a dose of 200 mg\/kg BW. At 4 hours after the last dosing, the mice were anesthetized and subsequent serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, hepatic lipid peroxidation, enzymatic activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1, hepatic TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Histopathological change was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Acute EtOH administration caused prominent hepatic microvesicular steatosis with mild necrosis and an elevation of serum ALT activity, induced a significant decrease in hepatic GSH in conjunction with enhanced lipid peroxidation, and increased hepatic TNF production. Supplementation with a standardized silymarin attenuated these adverse changes induced by acute EtOH administration.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Silymarin protects against the liver injury caused by acute EtOH administration. In view of its nontoxic nature, it may be developed as an effective therapeutic agent for alcohol\u2010induced liver disease by its antioxidative stress and anti\u2010inflammatory features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00063.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]],"date-time":"2006-02-24T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1140800524000},"page":"407-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Silymarin Protects Against Acute Ethanol\u2010Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ion","family":"Deaciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Y.\u2010W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanze","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"McClain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00154-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230415"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Silymarin effects on intracellular calcuim and cytotoxicity","volume":"41","author":"Farghali H","year":"2000","journal-title":"a study in perfused rat hepatocytes after oxidative stress injury"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(89)90083-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"S\u2010adenosyl\u2010L\u2010methionine prevents both ethanol\u2010induced depletion of mitochondrial glutathione and mitochondrial dysfunction in periportal and perivenous rat hepatocytes","volume":"21","author":"Fermandez\u2010Checa JC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Mitochondrial glutathione","volume":"18","author":"Fernandez\u2010Checa JC","year":"1998","journal-title":"importance and transport"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1373.2000.22435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329703400610"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1992.tb00656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260621"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80139-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70147-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"LeeYW DavidLiu yanze FengyuZhao(2005)Development of a Standardized Silymarin Product. 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