{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:56:51Z","timestamp":1760061411614},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]],"date-time":"2006-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1140739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> This experiment was designed to compare gelatin \u201cshots\u201d\u2014a new procedure for administering alcohol in a laboratory setting\u2014to the alcohol beverage method. We proceeded to test whether the two methods were comparable in terms of alcohol absorption, metabolism, and effects on mood and whether gelatin \u201cshots\u201d were better than the beverage in disguising alcohol in a blind, placebo comparison.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Healthy volunteers participated in a two\u2010phase trial. In the first phase they completed 2 days of testing during which the effects of alcohol\u2014delivered in beverage (1 day) or gelatin \u201cshots\u201d (alternative day)\u2014on blood and breathalyzer concentrations and mood were assessed. In the second phase participants completed 2 days of testing and were asked to identify if samples contained alcohol or placebo. The presentation of alcohol and placebo and the presentation of beverage or gelatin \u201cshots\u201d were random.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> In the first phase there was a significant time\u2010by\u2010condition interaction in the blood alcohol concentration. Two\u2010and\u2010a\u2010half hours after the alcohol was administered, those given gelatin \u201cshots\u201d had slightly lower but statistically significant blood alcohol concentrations. There was a significant time effect for breathalyzer alcohol levels but no condition or condition\u2010by\u2010time interaction. There were no differences between the two methods on any of the subjective mood measures. In the second phase of the study there were differences in the ability to differentiate alcohol from placebo between the two conditions with significantly more participants making errors in the gelatin \u201cshots\u201d than in the beverage condition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Our findings indicate that gelatin \u201cshots\u201d are an effective method for delivering alcohol to humans in a laboratory setting. This method may be superior to the alcohol beverage mixture in a placebo\u2010controlled design because gelatin \u201cshots\u201d mask the alcohol much better than a beverage and are easier to administer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00064.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]],"date-time":"2006-02-24T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1140800524000},"page":"473-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gelatin \u201cShots\u201d as a New Method for Alcohol Administration in a Laboratory Setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ralevski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralitza","family":"Gueorguieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana D.","family":"Limoncelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Serrita Jane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismene","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7268421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Parameters Influencing the Effectiveness of the Balanced Placebo Design in Alcohol Research","author":"Bradlyn A","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Alcohol effects during acamprosate treatment","volume":"28","author":"Brasser SM","year":"2004","journal-title":"a dose\u2013response study in humans"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Alcohol administration methodology 1994\u20131995","volume":"24","author":"Breslin FC","year":"1999","journal-title":"what researchers do and do not report about subjects and dosing procedures"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Factorial Experiments","author":"Brunner E","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Human pharmacokinetics and ethanol. 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