{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:57:42Z","timestamp":1791071862779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,12]],"date-time":"2006-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Alcohol misuse is more common in persons with a family history of alcoholism (FH+) than in those with no such history (FH\u2212). Among FH+, behavioral disinhibition and male sex seem to signal the presence of an increased risk.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> This study examined cognitive and behavioral characteristics of 175 nonabusing 18\u2010 to 30\u2010year\u2010olds, 87 FH+ and 88 FH\u2212, who were further characterized by their degree of behavioral disinhibition using the Sociability scale of the California Personality Inventory. Working memory and decision making were tested using the Stroop Color\u2010Word Test and the Iowa Gambling Task, a simulated card game.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Persons with a family history of alcoholism who were behaviorally disinhibited displayed significantly greater interference on the Stroop task than the other subgroups. On the Iowa Gambling Task, FH+ males, but not the females, were significantly more attentive to financial gains than other subgroups, and they had greater consistency in their choice behaviors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Persons with a family history of alcoholism, in combination with behavioral disinhibition, appears to signal working memory deficits and in combination with male sex indicates an attraction to the rewarding aspects of a risk\u2010taking challenge. These findings are not secondary to heavy exposure to alcohol or other drugs, but instead reflect intrinsic risk\u2010related familial and personal characteristics of the subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00089.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,21]],"date-time":"2006-04-21T21:24:50Z","timestamp":1145654690000},"page":"763-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Working Memory and Decision\u2010Making Biases in Young Adults With a Family History of Alcoholism: Studies from the Oklahoma Family Health Patterns Project"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"William R.","family":"Lovallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eldad","family":"Yechiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen 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