{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:44:48Z","timestamp":1791301488082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,12]],"date-time":"2006-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> The association between stress and alcohol dependence has been well established. Abnormalities in stress reactivity and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis (HPA) function may be involved in the mechanistic connection between stress and the initiation, development, and\/or maintenance of alcohol dependence. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co\u2010occurs with alcohol dependence and is characterized by HPA axis abnormalities. This study investigated the relationship between subjective and neuroendocrine stress reactivity to the cold pressor task (CPT) and prospective alcohol use among individuals with alcohol dependence, with and without comorbid PTSD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Participants were 63 individuals with (a) alcohol dependence only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=35) or (b) comorbid alcohol dependence and PTSD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=28). Participants completed the CPT, a widely used physical laboratory stressor. Subjective stress, craving, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), and cortisol were measured before, immediately after, and at 5, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the CPT. Alcohol use during 1 month following testing was also assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> For the alcohol\u2010only group, change in craving immediately following the CPT and craving during the 120\u2010minute recovery phase were predictive of follow\u2010up alcohol use. For the alcohol\/PTSD group, change in craving was not predictive of follow\u2010up use. Baseline drinking was, however, predictive of followup alcohol use for the alcohol\/PTSD group. For the alcohol\u2010only group, a blunted ACTH response coupled with a higher change in craving following the CPT was associated with significantly greater frequency and intensity of drinking during the follow\u2010up phase.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> These preliminary findings demonstrate significant differences between the alcohol\u2010only and the alcohol\/PTSD group in predictors of relapse. For the alcohol\u2010only group, reactivity to an acute laboratory stressor may be predictive of subsequent alcohol use. This was not true for the alcohol\/PTSD group. Although preliminary, the findings may help shed light on the mechanistic relationship between stress reactivity and increased risk for alcohol relapse and dependence in individuals with and without other Axis I comorbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00097.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,26]],"date-time":"2006-05-26T12:55:36Z","timestamp":1148648136000},"page":"938-946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Cold Pressor Task Reactivity: Predictors of Alcohol Use Among Alcohol\u2010Dependent Individuals With and Without Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Kathleen T.","family":"Brady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudie E.","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela E.","family":"Waldrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee L.","family":"McRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond F.","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu P.","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Saladin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick K.","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Dissection of hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal axis pathology in 1\u2010month\u2010abstinent alcohol\u2010dependent men, part 1","volume":"29","author":"Adinoff B","year":"2005","journal-title":"adrenocortical and Pituitary glucocorticoid responsiveness"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Altered cortisol response in sober alcoholics","volume":"13","author":"Bernardy NC","year":"1996","journal-title":"an examination of contributing factors"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Co\u2010occurring mental and substance use disorders","volume":"162","author":"Brady KT","year":"2005","journal-title":"the neurobiological effects of chronic stress"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BradyKT BackSE WaldropAE McRaeAL AntonRF UpadhyayaHP SaladinME RandallPK(2006)Cold pressor task reactivity: predictors of alcohol use among alchol\u2010dependent individuals with and without comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder. 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