{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:30:03Z","timestamp":1758126603399},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Recent experimental evidence suggests that fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol, mediate ethanol\u2010induced organ damage. A direct association between pancreas\u2010specific toxicity and increased levels of FAEE following inhibition of the oxidative metabolism of ethanol by 4\u2010methylpyrazole (4\u2010MP) has previously been shown in studies with rats.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> We obtained plasma samples from 32 healthy human volunteers who drank ethanol following 4\u2010MP or placebo ingestion to determine whether in vivo inhibition of oxidative metabolism of ethanol causes a shift to nonoxidative metabolism of ethanol and the subsequent production of increased levels of FAEE. Plasma FAEE were isolated by solid\u2010phase extraction and quantified by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Plasma FAEE levels in subjects receiving 4\u2010MP treatment before ethanol consumption were elevated compared with plasma FAEE concentrations taken from control subjects who received a placebo before ethanol ingestion. Increased FAEE levels in the 4\u2010MP treatment group occurred after peak blood ethanol, and peak FAEE levels were achieved. There was a correlation between the blood ethanol and the plasma FAEE levels, and the correlation persisted in the presence or absence of 4\u2010MP. The peak FAEE values were greater in men than in women, with or without 4\u2010MP treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Our results indicate that the in vivo inhibition of the oxidative metabolism of ethanol using 4\u2010MP results in an increased circulating concentration of FAEE, products of the nonoxidative metabolism of ethanol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00138.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T15:40:21Z","timestamp":1149781221000},"page":"1126-1131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Increased Plasma Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Levels Following Inhibition of Oxidative Metabolism of Ethanol by 4\u2010Methylpyrazole Treatment in Human Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Catherine 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