{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:11:07Z","timestamp":1762323067586},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]],"date-time":"2006-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Risk and protective factors for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are complex and reflect both environmental and genetic factors. Genetic components account for about 50% of the variation and influence several phenotypes, including the level of response (LR) to alcohol as well as alcohol\u2010metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms. Variations in the <jats:italic>ADH1B<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ADH1C<\/jats:italic> genes may influence the LR to alcohol by increasing levels of acetaldehyde during alcohol metabolism, although most data on this question come from Asian populations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> This study evaluated associations of <jats:italic>ADH1B<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ADH1C<\/jats:italic> genotypes in a non\u2010Asian sample. Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>=117, 69.2% female) were 18\u2010 to 29\u2010year\u2010old men and women, primarily Caucasian (70.1%) and black (26.5%), recruited in San Diego, California. The Semi\u2010Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism Interview was used to assess demographic, substance use, and psychiatric history information, and the Family History Assessment Module was used to determine first\u2010degree family history of alcohol dependence. An alcohol challenge paradigm was used to gather data on the LR to alcohol over 210 minutes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Participants with the <jats:italic>ADH1B<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>1\/<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>2<\/jats:italic> genotype had a higher LR to alcohol early in the alcohol challenge (i.e., 30, 60, and 90 minutes after drinking) as measured by both alcohol\u2010related changes in subjective feelings of intoxication and body sway, even when controlling for sex and Russian\/Eastern European ancestry. A similar trend was seen for <jats:italic>ADH1C<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>1\/<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>1<\/jats:italic> genotype, although the results were not significant.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> These findings suggest that studies searching for genes relating to the LR to alcohol as a vulnerability factor for AUDs should consider controlling for <jats:italic>ADH1B<\/jats:italic> genotype, as the <jats:italic>ADH1B<jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>2<\/jats:italic> allele could obscure the impact of other genetic polymorphisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00178.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]],"date-time":"2006-08-14T10:25:07Z","timestamp":1155551107000},"page":"1470-1478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Associations of Variations in Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes With the Level of Response to Alcohol in Non\u2010Asians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Nicole C. 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