{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T05:12:22Z","timestamp":1793164342372,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]],"date-time":"2006-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> After studying the sleep of alcohol\u2010dependent patients at the beginning and over the course of abstinence in earlier studies, our interest in the current study focused on the direct effect of 2 doses of alcohol [0.03 and 0.1% blood alcohol level (BAL)] on healthy sleep. This is the first polysomnographic study testing the impact of 2 doses of alcohol ingestion (thus reflecting \u201cnormal\u201d social drinking and alcohol abuse) in a single\u2010blind randomized design in healthy volunteers. The study evaluated a short\u2010term acute drinking period for 3 and 2 days of withdrawal from alcohol not only for polysomnographic variables but also for subjective estimates of sleep quality.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> In a crossover design with a 1\u2010week interval, healthy subjects received alcohol to raise their blood alcohol to either 0.03 or 0.1% BAL at bedtime for 3 consecutive nights after an alcohol\u2010free baseline night. Objective (polysomnography) and subjective sleep (questionnaires) was recorded each night. During the following 2 days, alcohol was discontinued with simultaneous measurements of sleep to gauge withdrawal effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> At a dose of alcohol leading to BAL of 0.03%, no clear effects could be detected. Following an evening BAL of 0.1%, a hypnotic\u2010like effect (shortened sleep latency, reduced number of wake periods, decreased stage 1 sleep) occurred primarily during the first half of the night with signs of rebound effects being already present during the second half of the night (increased stage 1 sleep). At this dose, alcohol significantly increased slow\u2010wave sleep (SWS) in the first half of the night and reduced REM density in the beginning of the night. After discontinuation of the higher alcohol dose, REM sleep amount increased. No significant withdrawal or rebound effects could be observed for parameters of sleep continuity during the 2 nights after discontinuation from alcohol at a BAL of 0.1%.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Owing to the small sample size, the results of this study need to be interpreted with caution. Short\u2010term moderate alcohol consumption (BAL 0.03%) did not significantly alter objective or subjective parameters of sleep. Higher doses of alcohol resulting in a BAL level of 0.10% immediately before going to bed mainly influenced sleep in the first half of the night, resembling the effects of a short\u2010acting hypnotic drug, including a suppression of phasic aspects of REM sleep (REM density). Interestingly, analysis of the latter part of these nights indicated the immediate presence of withdrawal effects (increased light sleep). No statistically significant effects on sleep parameters were observable during the 2 nights of withdrawal from alcohol at the higher BAL. Interpreted carefully, our data indicate that negative effects on sleep occur already with short\u2010term use of alcohol at doses of BAL of 0.10%, despite hypnotic\u2010like effects during the first hours of sleep, especially during the latter part of the night.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00184.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]],"date-time":"2006-08-14T10:25:07Z","timestamp":1155551107000},"page":"1527-1537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Effects of Alcohol on Polysomnographically Recorded Sleep in Healthy Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bernd","family":"Feige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Gann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rigo","family":"Brueck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdolna","family":"Hornyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Litsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Hohagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026023393426"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Effects of age and alcoholism on sleep","volume":"62","author":"Brower KJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"a controlled study"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index","volume":"28","author":"Buysse DJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.63.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"The effects of ethanol on human sleep EEG power spectra differ from those of benzodiazepine receptor agonists","volume":"7","author":"Dijk DJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nicht\u2010erholsamer Schlaf (non\u2010restorative sleep)","volume":"5","author":"Fischer J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Somnologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Sleep and the cholinergic REM sleep induction test in patients with primary alcoholism","volume":"1","author":"Gann H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep Res Online"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-832597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0371-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01172-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Der Schlaf und seine cholinerge Beeinflu\u00dfbarkeit bei Patienten mit prim\u00e4rer Alkoholabh\u00e4ngigkeit im subakuten Entzug","volume":"45","author":"Gann H","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sucht"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-054X.2001.01151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11818-997-0022-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-003-1637-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1176","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","author":"Gillin JC","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950030025003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Collegium Internationale Psychiatriae Scolarum (CIPS) (Hrsg), pp 175\u2013180. 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