{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:28:07Z","timestamp":1791106087372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]],"date-time":"2006-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Relapse\u2010like drinking has been studied through the expression of the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE), which is measured by a pronounced increase in ethanol preference and consumption after imposed abstinence. No studies have characterized the ADE in C57BL\/6J (B6) mice. The present study examined the effects of length and number of deprivations on the expression of the ADE in B6 mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Adult male B6 mice received 24\u2010hour continuous access to ethanol and water for 6 weeks (baseline). Experiment 1 determined the ADE in mice receiving weekly access to 15% ethanol (i.e., exposed 1 day a week and deprived during the other 6 days) for a total of 10 weeks. Experiments 2 and 3 determined the ADE after a single 2\u2010week deprivation period in mice receiving a single concentration of 15% ethanol or multiple concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30% ethanol, respectively, followed by weekly access to their respective ethanol solutions for 10 weeks. Experiment 4 determined the ADE after a single 2\u2010week deprivation period, followed by daily access to 15% ethanol. Mice never deprived of ethanol (i.e., continuous access) were used as age\u2010matched drinking controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> The ADE was observed after the initial 6\u2010day deprivation period and was profoundly enhanced (i.e., escalation of the ADE) following weekly reexposure to 15% ethanol. Compared with a single concentration of 15% ethanol, concurrent access to multiple ethanol concentrations resulted in a near 2\u2010fold increase in baseline ethanol consumption. Regardless of having access to single or multiple concentrations of ethanol, the ADE was not observed immediately after a 2\u2010week deprivation period. The ADE was observed (although to a lesser magnitude and duration) following weekly reexposure to single or multiple concentrations of ethanol. Alternatively, following a 2\u2010week deprivation period, mice receiving daily access to 15% ethanol showed a significant decrease in ethanol intake and preference (i.e., negative ADE).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Short\u2010term deprivations followed by repeated intermittent (weekly) reexposure to ethanol produces a robust ADE in B6 mice. Increasing the initial deprivation length to 2 weeks produces various opposing effects, including erasure of an initial ADE, diminished expression and magnitude of the ADE following weekly exposure, and complete reversal of the ADE following daily exposure to ethanol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00248.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]],"date-time":"2006-10-31T08:18:50Z","timestamp":1162282730000},"page":"2017-2025","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Development of an Alcohol Deprivation and Escalation Effect in C57BL\/6J Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Roberto I.","family":"Melendez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence D.","family":"Middaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Kalivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn872"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"298","article-title":"Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake","volume":"282","author":"Ahmed SH","year":"1998","journal-title":"change in hedonic set point"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"121A","article-title":"The alcohol withdrawal \u201ckindling\u201d phenomenon","volume":"20","author":"Becker HC","year":"1997","journal-title":"clinical and experimental findings"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000149977.95306.3A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(04)00096-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1608-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(91)90528-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Long\u2010term ethanol self\u2010administration with repeated ethanol deprivation episodes changes ethanol drinking pattern and increases anxiety\u2010related behaviour during ethanol deprivation in rats","volume":"9","author":"Holter SM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Drug abuse","volume":"278","author":"Koob GF","year":"1997","journal-title":"hedonic homeostatic dysregulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100699"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Animal models of alcoholism","volume":"12","author":"McBride WJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"neurobiology of high alcohol-drinking behavior in rodents"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000099264.36220.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020266306135"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"683","article-title":"Ethanol consumption and place\u2010preference conditioning in the alcohol\u2010preferring C57BL\/6 mouse","volume":"23","author":"Nocjar C","year":"1999","journal-title":"relationship with motor activity patterns"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00555.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145237"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300214"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1962.23.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(89)90059-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1968.29.863"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1973.34.071","article-title":"A negative alcohol\u2010deprivation effect in hamsters","volume":"34","author":"Sinclair JD","year":"1973","journal-title":"Q J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(88)90048-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Recent animal models of alcoholism","volume":"24","author":"Spanagel R","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Acamprosate and alcohol","volume":"305","author":"Spanagel R","year":"1996","journal-title":"I. Effects on alcohol intake following alcohol deprivation in the rat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"From controlled drug intake to loss of control","volume":"70","author":"Wolffgramm J","year":"1995","journal-title":"the irreversible development of drug addiction in the rat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300833"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1530-0277.2006.00248.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00248.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T04:18:33Z","timestamp":1697084313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00248.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00248.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00248.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]}}}