{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:44:52Z","timestamp":1789181092813,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Alcohol consumption in Russia is reportedly high for both men and women; most studies of Russian drinking have used questionnaires not designed specifically to measure alcohol consumption or to interview women. This study was designed specifically to measure drinking patterns among pregnant and nonpregnant Russian women.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> Eight hundred ninety\u2010nine women of child\u2010bearing age in St. Petersburg, Russia, were interviewed in employment centers, educational centers, and at obstetric and gynecologic (OB\/GYN) clinics and hospitals. Measurement of drinking used several types of drinking questions and time frames.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Nearly all nonpregnant Russian women (95.9%) reported consuming alcohol in the last 12 months. Among nonpregnant women drinkers, 7.6% reported drinking heavily (29.58 mL or more ethanol\/d), and 18.4% reported drinking \u22655 on at least 1 occasion. Contrary to expectations of Russian obstetricians, pregnant Russian women readily answered detailed questions about their drinking behavior during pregnancy. Nearly all pregnant women drank in the year before they became pregnant; of these, 60.0% reported drinking when they knew they were pregnant, and 34.9% drank in the past 30 days. Among pregnant women who drank in the past 30 days, 7.4% reporting having \u22655 drinks on at least 1 occasion. Nevertheless, more than 90% of pregnant and nonpregnant Russian women believed that alcohol has a detrimental effect on pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions: <\/jats:bold> Pregnant and nonpregnant Russian women were willing to answer detailed questions about their drinking behavior. Although most pregnant women studied reduced their drinking during pregnancy, one\u2010third of the pregnant women did not stop drinking. It is important to find out what enabled two\u2010thirds of the pregnant women to stop drinking before or during their pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00315.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T22:36:19Z","timestamp":1169159779000},"page":"299-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Alcohol Use in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Russian Women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Arlinda F.","family":"Kristjanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon C.","family":"Wilsnack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Zvartau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Tsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Novikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"462","volume-title":"Gender and Alcohol: Individual and Social Perspectives","author":"Blume SB","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9468579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Alcohol use among women of childbearing age\u2014United States, 1991\u20131999","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control & Prevention","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Alcohol consumption among women who are pregnant or who might become pregnant\u2014United States, 2002","volume":"53","author":"Centers for Disease Control & Prevention","year":"2004","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Toward the attainment of low\u2010risk drinking goals","volume":"28","author":"Dawson DA","year":"2004","journal-title":"a 10-year progress report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment","author":"Institute of Medicine, Committee to Study Fetal Alcohol Syndrome","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.815"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.3.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9679877.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70099-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/34.6.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Comparing usual quantity\/frequency and graduated frequency scales to assess yearly alcohol consumption","volume":"89","author":"Midanik LT","year":"1994","journal-title":"results from the 1990 US National Alcohol Survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"531","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in children residing in Russian orphanages","volume":"30","author":"Miller LC","year":"2006","journal-title":"a phenotypic survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Underreporting of alcohol use in pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Morrow\u2010Tlucak M","year":"1989","journal-title":"relationship to alcohol problem history"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Russia","volume":"100","author":"Nemtsov AV","year":"2005","journal-title":"alcohol yesterday and today"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.2.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows, Rel.13.0","author":"SPSS Inc.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"TsoyM ZvartauE NovikovB WilsnackSC KristjansonAFPatterns and Risk Factors for Harmful Use of Alcohol in Russian and American Women of Childbearing Age. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting Research Society on Alcoholism June 2001 Montreal QC Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Warren KR","year":"2001","journal-title":"an international perspective"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences","volume":"95","author":"Wilsnack RW","year":"2000","journal-title":"cross-cultural patterns"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Women's drinking and drinking problems","volume":"74","author":"Wilsnack RW","year":"1984","journal-title":"patterns from a 1981 national survey"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Ten\u2010year prediction of women's drinking behavior in a nationally representative sample","volume":"4","author":"Wilsnack RW","year":"1998","journal-title":"Women's Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Predicting onset and chronicity of women's problem drinking","volume":"81","author":"Wilsnack SC","year":"1991","journal-title":"a five-year longitudinal analysis"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1530-0277.2006.00315.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00315.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T10:49:10Z","timestamp":1697453350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00315.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00315.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00315.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]}}}