{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:09:03Z","timestamp":1790777343746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,20]],"date-time":"2007-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1198108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Ethanol (ETOH) consumption by pregnant women can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). To date, the cellular targets and mechanisms responsible for FASD are not fully characterized. Our aim was to determine if ETOH can affect fetal human brain\u2010derived neural progenitor cells (NPC).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Neural progenitor cells were isolated by positive selection from normal second trimester fetal human brains (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20034) and cultured, for up to 72\u2003hours, in mitogenic media containing 0, 1, 10, or 100\u2003mM ETOH. From 48 to 72\u2003hours in culture, neurospheres generated in these conditions were filmed using time\u2010lapse video microscopy. At the end of 72\u2003hours, neurosphere diameter and roundness were measured using videographic software. Mitotic phase analysis of cell\u2010cycle activity and apoptotic cell count were also performed at this time, by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Real\u2010time PCR was used to estimate expression of genes associated with cell adhesion pathways.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Neurosphere diameter correlated positively (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.87) with increasing ETOH concentrations. There was no significant difference in cell\u2010cycle activity and no significant increase in apoptosis with increasing ETOH concentrations. Time\u2010lapse video microscopy showed that ETOH (100\u2003mM) reduced the time for neurosphere coalescence. Real\u2010time PCR analysis showed that ETOH significantly altered the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion. There was an increase in the expression of \u03b1 and \u03b2 Laminins 1, \u03b2 Integrins 3 and 5, Secreted phosphoprotein1 and Sarcoglycan \u03b5. No change in the expression of \u03b2 Actin was observed while the expression of \u03b2 Integrin 2 was significantly suppressed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> ETOH had no effect on NPC apoptosis but, resulted in more rapid coalescence and increased volume of neurospheres. Additionally, the expression of genes associated with cell adhesion was significantly altered. ETOH induced changes in NPC surface adhesion interactions may underlie aspects of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in FASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00568.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,17]],"date-time":"2008-09-17T12:36:10Z","timestamp":1221654970000},"page":"339-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Ethanol Increases Fetal Human Neurosphere Size and Alters Adhesion Molecule Gene Expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sharada D.","family":"Vangipuram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Grever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham C.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William 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