{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:42:10Z","timestamp":1782175330205,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]],"date-time":"2011-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Alcohol dependence has been associated with reduced function of serotonin, dopamine as well as noradrenaline activities in several neuroendocrine studies. To our knowledge, there is, however, no study investigating all these 3 systems with the use of neuroendocrine methods in one and the same alcohol\u2010dependent individual.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Alcohol\u2010dependent individuals (<jats:italic>n\u2003<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>42) and controls (<jats:italic>n\u2003<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>28) participated in the neuroendocrine test series. Central serotonergic neurotransmission was assessed by the prolactin (PRL) response to citalopram (CIT). The postsynaptic DRD2 function was measured by the growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine (APO) and the postsynaptic \u03b12\u2010adrenoceptor function by GH response to clonidine (CLON).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the alcohol\u2010dependent individuals, the PRL concentrations were significantly lower at the time points 240\u2003minutes and 300\u2003minutes after CIT administration and mean delta PRL value was significantly reduced by 45% in comparison with controls. There were no significant differences in APO\u2010GH and CLON\u2010GH concentrations at any time points or in mean delta GH values between the groups. An impaired monoaminergic profile, including all 3 systems, was significantly more frequent in alcohol\u2010dependent individuals than controls (43% vs. 6% respectively).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The monoaminergic dysfunction was restricted to an impairment of the serotonergic system, suggesting that this system is especially vulnerable to long\u2010term and excessive alcohol consumption. Moreover, impaired monoaminergic profiles, including low responses in 2 or 3 systems, were more frequently observed in alcohol\u2010dependent individuals than in controls. Such impaired profiles may be of clinical importance, but further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01598.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]],"date-time":"2011-07-28T14:27:26Z","timestamp":1311863246000},"page":"97-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neuroendocrine Assessment of Serotonergic, Dopaminergic, and Noradrenergic Functions in Alcohol\u2010Dependent Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fahlke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Berggren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina J.","family":"Berglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rgen A.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Balldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association(1994)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edn.American Psychiatric Press Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90256-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(92)90281-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1992.tb00639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)80008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00154-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(02)00276-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00051-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"BerglundK(2009)Socially stable alcoholics: what characterises them? 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