{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:23:43Z","timestamp":1786926223138,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]],"date-time":"2011-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We sought to determine the impact of naltrexone on hepatic enzymes and HIV biomarkers in HIV\u2010infected patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We used data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study\u2010Virtual Cohort, an electronic database of administrative, pharmacy, and laboratory data. We restricted our sample to HIV\u2010infected patients who received an initial oral naltrexone prescription of at least 7\u2003days duration. We examined aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HIV biomarker (CD4 and HIV RNA) values for the 365\u2003days prior to, during, and for the 365\u2003days post\u2010naltrexone prescription. We also examined cases of liver enzyme elevation (LEE; defined as &gt;5 times baseline ALT or AST or &gt;3.5 times baseline if baseline ALT or AST was &gt;40\u2003IU\/l).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Of 114 HIV\u2010infected individuals, 97% were men, 45% white, 57% Hepatitis C co\u2010infected; median age was 49\u2003years; 89% of the sample had a history of alcohol dependence and 32% had opioid dependence. Median duration of naltrexone prescription was 49 (interquartile range 30 to 83) days, representing 9,525 person\u2010days of naltrexone use. Mean ALT and AST levels remained below the upper limit of normal. Two cases of LEE occurred. Mean CD4 count remained stable and mean HIV RNA decreased after naltrexone prescription.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In HIV\u2010infected patients, oral naltrexone is rarely associated with clinically significant ALT or AST changes and does not have a negative impact on biologic parameters. Therefore, HIV\u2010infected patients with alcohol or opioid dependence can be treated with naltrexone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01601.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]],"date-time":"2011-07-28T14:23:22Z","timestamp":1311863002000},"page":"318-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Hepatic Safety and Antiretroviral Effectiveness in HIV\u2010Infected Patients Receiving Naltrexone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jeanette M.","family":"Tetrault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet P.","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"McGinnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Goulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn E.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Justice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Fiellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0801733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1985.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199615040-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2008.07.1800"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1988.tb03102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000171937.87731.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210410001674130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.6.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2009)HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Report. 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