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However, the consequences of a moderate binge alcohol exposure on a single day during this postnatal period have not been established. This is an issue of importance as many pregnant women binge drink periodically at social drinking levels. This study aimed to identify both the acute and long\u2010term effects of exposure to a single alcohol binge that achieved a mean peak blood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>EtOH<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> concentration of approximately 250\u00a0mg\/dl during early postnatal life using a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute apoptotic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>cell death 10\u00a0hours after a moderate dose binge <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>EtOH<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> exposure from postnatal days (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>s) 0 to 10 was assessed using active caspase\u20103 immunolabeling. Acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>cell apoptosis was quantified in cerebellar vermal lobules I\u2013X using the physical disector method. Long\u2010term effects were assessed at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> 60 using stereological methods to determine total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>cell numbers in the vermis, lobule III, and lobule IX, following a moderate dose binge <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>EtOH<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> exposure at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>s 0, 2, or 4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute apoptosis was induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>EtOH<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> on PDs 1 to 8 in a time and lobular\u2010dependent manner. For <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>EtOH<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> exposure on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> 2, significant long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>cell loss occurred in lobule <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>EtOH<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> exposure on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> 4 resulted in significant long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>cell loss throughout the entire vermis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that a single, early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:roman>EtOH<\/jats:roman><\/jats:styled-content> episode of moderate dose can create significant and permanent Pcell loss in the developing cerebellum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01743.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T21:23:34Z","timestamp":1331241814000},"page":"1365-1373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Acute and Long\u2010Term <scp>P<\/scp>urkinje Cell Loss Following a Single Ethanol Binge During the Early Third Trimester Equivalent in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Nirelia M.","family":"Idrus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth M. 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