{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:10:47Z","timestamp":1793261447182,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]],"date-time":"2012-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>For almost 30\u00a0years, phosphatidylethanol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th) has been known as a direct marker of alcohol consumption. This marker stands for consumption in high amounts and for a longer time period, but it has been also detected after 1 high single intake of ethanol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EtOH<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of this study was to obtain further information about the formation and elimination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th 16:0\/18:1 by simulating extensive drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 3\u00a0weeks of alcohol abstinence, 11 test persons drank an amount of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EtOH<\/jats:styled-content> leading to an estimated blood ethanol concentration of 1\u00a0g\/kg on each of 5 successive days. After the drinking episode, they stayed abstinent for 16\u00a0days with regular blood sampling. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th 16:0\/18:1 analysis was performed using liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (high\u2010performance liquid chromatography 1100 system and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">QT<\/jats:styled-content>rap 2000 triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Values of blood alcohol were obtained using a standardized method with headspace gas chromatography flame ionization detector.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maximum measured concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EtOH<\/jats:styled-content> were 0.99 to 1.83\u00a0g\/kg (mean 1.32\u00a0g\/kg). These values were reached 1 to 3\u00a0hours after the start of drinking (mean 1.9\u00a0hours). For comparison, 10 of 11 volunteers had detectable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th 16:0\/18:1 values 1\u00a0hour after the start of drinking, ranging from 45 to 138\u00a0ng\/ml <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th 16:0\/18:1. Over the following days, concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th 16:0\/18:1 increased continuously and reached the maximum concentrations of 74 to 237\u00a0ng\/ml between days 3 and 6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This drinking experiment led to measurable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th concentrations. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>th 16:0\/18:1 concentrations stayed rather low compared with those of alcohol abusers from previous studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01768.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,31]],"date-time":"2012-03-31T03:46:50Z","timestamp":1333165610000},"page":"1507-1511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Formation of Phosphatidylethanol and Its Subsequent Elimination During an Extensive Drinking Experiment Over 5 Days"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Heike","family":"Gnann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine  University Medical Centre Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Weinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine  Medical Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Thierauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine  University Medical Centre Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(84)90060-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2091-6-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.12.2114","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as markers of alcohol consumption. Segmental hair analysis of alcoholics, social drinkers, and teetotalers","volume":"47","author":"Auwarter V","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022422418388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2004.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400490432400"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(97)00541-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(87)91507-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0180-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.120923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1996.tb00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2005.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(00)00291-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","article-title":"Die theoretischen Grundlagen und die praktische Verwendbarkeit der gerichtlich\u2010medizinischen Alkoholbestimmung","volume":"11","author":"Widmark EMP","year":"1932","journal-title":"Fortschritt naturwissenschaftlicher Forschung Neue Folge Heft"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.04.022"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1530-0277.2012.01768.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01768.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T18:58:59Z","timestamp":1695495539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01768.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01768.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01768.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]]}}}