{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:09:18Z","timestamp":1790622558097,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most children who are exposed to large quantities of alcohol in utero do not develop fetal alcohol syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>). Population\u2010based prospective data on the risk of developing components of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>), however, are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a prospective cohort study of 9,628 women screened during their first prenatal appointment in Chile, which identified 101 who consumed at least 4 drinks\/d (exposed) matched with 101 women with no reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy (unexposed). Detailed alcohol consumption data were collected during the pregnancy. Children were evaluated up to 8.5\u00a0years of age by clinicians masked to exposure status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One or more functional central nervous system abnormalities were present in 44.0% (22\/50) of the exposed children compared to 13.6% (6\/44) of the unexposed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Growth restriction was present in 27.2% (25\/92) of the exposed and 12.5% (12\/96) of the unexposed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Abnormal facial features were present in 17.3% (14\/81) of the exposed children compared to 1.1% (1\/89) of the unexposed children (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0002) by direct examination. Of the 59 exposed children with data available to detect at least 1 abnormality, 12 (20.3%) had no abnormalities. Binge drinking from conception to recognition of pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.48 per day, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.15 to 1.91, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and after recognition of pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>= 1.41 per day, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.01 to 1.95, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and total number of drinks consumed per week from conception to recognition of pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.02 per drink, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.01 to 1.04, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0009) were significantly associated with abnormal child outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>After exposure to heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy, 80% of children had 1 or more abnormalities associated with alcohol exposure. Patterns of alcohol use that posed the greatest risk of adverse outcomes were binge drinking and high total weekly intake. Functional neurologic impairment occurred most frequently and may be the only sign to alert physicians to prenatal alcohol exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01794.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T14:03:13Z","timestamp":1343052193000},"page":"1811-1819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["A Prospective Cohort Study of the Prevalence of Growth, Facial, and Central Nervous System Abnormalities in Children with Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Devon","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"Bethesda, Maryland Department of Pediatrics National Capital Consortium Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Aros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cassorla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Maternal and Child Research (IDIMI) Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Avaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Unanue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Henriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Kleinsteuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Conca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics San Borja Arriar\u00e1n Clinical Hospital Santiago, Chile University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonia C.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary R.","family":"Conley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Troendle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences  National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda 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