{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:34:52Z","timestamp":1788564892108,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive intake of alcohol is often associated with low or subnormal levels of vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> even in the absence of active liver disease. As vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency is a well\u2010recognized cause of myopathy, alcoholic myopathy might be related to vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency. Chronic alcoholic myopathy affects approximately half of chronic alcoholics and is characterized by the insidious development of muscular weakness and wasting. Although alcohol or its metabolites may have a direct toxic effect on muscles, the relationship between alcoholic myopathy and vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency has not been examined extensively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the literature on alcoholic myopathy and hypovitaminosis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> myopathy and compared the pathophysiological findings to designate possible mechanisms of vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> action in alcohol\u2010related myopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the strong interdependency of suboptimal levels of vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>, phosphate, and magnesium in chronic alcohol abuse, we hypothesize that combined deficiencies interfere with membrane and intracellular metabolic processes in chronic alcohol\u2010related myopathy; however, it is not yet possible to define exact mechanisms of interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01902.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T15:47:48Z","timestamp":1355500068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Is Vitamin <scp>D<\/scp> Deficiency a Confounder in Alcoholic Skeletal Muscle Myopathy?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Jan W.","family":"Wijnia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnmond Care Group, Location Slingedael Center for Korsakoff and Psychogeriatrics Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos P. 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