{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:43:11Z","timestamp":1792183391137,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J American Geriatrics Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To review the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) for depression in older people, together with factors associated with its efficacy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Online literature databases and registers were searched for randomized controlled trials (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      for depression in older people. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis and meta\u2010regression were conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies involving participants from the community and inpatient and outpatient clinical settings were included in the meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older people with major or minor depression, dysthymia, or depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence\u2010based outcome measures of depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four hundred eighty\u2010five studies were identified, of which 23 were included. At the end of the intervention,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was significantly more effective at reducing depressive symptoms (irrespective of whether rated by clinicians or participants) than treatment as usual (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) or being on a waiting list but not than active controls. The same pattern of results was found for 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. At all other time\u2010points, pooled effect sizes in favor of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were nonsignificant. Clinician\u2010rated outcome measures resulted in larger effect sizes in favor of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      than self\u2010rated measures. No significant differences in efficacy were found between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and other treatment (pharmacotherapy and other psychotherapies). Meta\u2010regression analyses revealed four factors that predicted effect sizes for comparisons between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and control conditions, including whether concurrent pharmacotherapy was allowed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CBT for depression in older people is more effective than waiting list or\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAU<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , but greater efficacy than active controls or other treatment has not been demonstrated. More high\u2010quality\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s comparing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with active controls need to be conducted before firm conclusions can be drawn about the efficacy of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      for depression in older people. Other treatment approaches that could be contrasted with or augment\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (e.g., pharmacotherapy) also need to be explored further.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04166.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T21:53:18Z","timestamp":1348523598000},"page":"1817-1830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Older People: A Meta\u2010Analysis and Meta\u2010Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Gould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Coulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Health and Social Sciences Middlesex University London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200405000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.3.M249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930081111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.6.P251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.12.1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.9.1588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Clinical Guideline 22 (amended) 2007. 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