{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:13:37Z","timestamp":1770218017963,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,9]],"date-time":"2004-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1089331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2014<\/jats:bold>To describe parainguinal laparocystotomy for urolith removal and to report outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design\u2014<\/jats:bold>Prospective clinical study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Animals\u2014<\/jats:bold>Ten geldings with uroliths.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2014<\/jats:bold>Signalment, number, size, type of uroliths, surgical technique, and complications were recorded. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up was obtained by telephone interviews with the client and\/or examination by the referring veterinarian.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2014<\/jats:bold>Cystic calculi, 3\u20139\u2003cm in diameter, were removed by parainguinal laparocystotomy. Mean surgical time was 59 minutes (range, 40\u2013100 minutes). With this approach, ligation of the pudendal or superficial epigastric vessels was not needed. Serous incisional drainage resolved without treatment in 3 horses and 2 horses developed moderate\u2010to\u2010severe incisional swelling. On long\u2010term follow\u2010up (mean, 52 months; range, 11\u201382 months) for 9 horses, owners reported no recurrence of clinical signs associated with cystic calculi.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:bold>Parainguinal laparotomy represents a satisfactory alternative approach to the apex of the bladder for urolith removal.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance\u2014<\/jats:bold>Parainguinal laparocystotomy avoids the pudendal and superficial epigastric blood vessels that are encountered when performing median or paramedian laparocystotomy in geldings. This approach minimizes dead space by avoiding the reflection of the prepuce in paramedian or median approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2004.04056.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,9]],"date-time":"2004-07-09T13:19:24Z","timestamp":1089379164000},"page":"386-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Parainguinal Laparocystotomy for Urolith Removal in Geldings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Warren","family":"Beard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"912","volume-title":"Equine Medicine and Surgery","author":"Hackett R","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"S268","article-title":"Cystic calculi in the horse","volume":"6","author":"DeBowes R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"186","article-title":"Equine urolithiasis","volume":"6","author":"Van Dongen P","year":"1994","journal-title":"surgical treatment by Gokels pararectal cystotomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","unstructured":"RagleC:Urinary tract and penile surgery in the adult horse. 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