{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:55:42Z","timestamp":1769216142389,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]],"date-time":"2004-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2014<\/jats:bold> To evaluate extracorporeal intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as a treatment method for limb and joint sparing in dogs with appendicular sarcomas in sites other than the distal aspect of the radius.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design\u2014<\/jats:bold> Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Animals\u2014<\/jats:bold> Thirteen client\u2010owned dogs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2014<\/jats:bold> The bone tumor database and medical records (1998\u20132002) were reviewed for dogs with primary appendicular bone tumors treated with IORT limb\u2010sparing surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The segment of bone containing the tumor was isolated from adjacent soft tissue and an osteotomy performed distant to the tumor. The bone segment was exteriorized, irradiated (70\u2003Gy single fraction), and then stabilized with internal fixation. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered. Lameness was graded and local and distant tumor control was determined. Associations between intra\u2010 and postoperative variables with complications and Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis for median disease\u2010free interval and survival time were calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2014<\/jats:bold> Limb function was good or excellent in 10 dogs (77%). Postoperative complications (9 dogs, 69%) included deep infection, fracture of the irradiated bone, and implant failure. Surgical failure was more likely if a single implant was used to stabilize the osteotomized bone and if deep infection developed postoperatively. In 3 dogs, tumors recurred locally within bone in the radiation field. The disease\u2010free and overall success rates of extracorporeal IORT for limb and joint preservation were 46% and 54%, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:bold> Extracorporeal IORT provides a novel alternative to traditional techniques for preservation of joint and limb function in dogs with primary appendicular sarcomas. A minimum of 2 implants and intramedullary bone cement should be used to stabilize the osteotomized bone to minimize postoperative complications. Extracorporeal IORT should be used with caution in dogs with tumors of the distal tibia because of a high complication rate. Dogs with tumors in areas of good soft\u2010tissue coverage, such as the humerus and femur, may be good candidates for limb and joint\u2010sparing surgery using extracorporeal IORT.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance\u2014<\/jats:bold> Extracorporeal IORT is a surgical technique that can be used for limb and joint salvage in dogs with primary appendicular sarcomas in sites usually not amenable to traditional limb\u2010sparing techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2004.04068.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]],"date-time":"2004-09-13T09:25:29Z","timestamp":1095067529000},"page":"446-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Intraoperative Extracorporeal Irradiation for Limb Sparing in 13 Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Julius M.","family":"Liptak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Dernell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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