{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:08:17Z","timestamp":1791360497927,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2014<\/jats:bold>To evaluate outcome of small ruminants after tube cystostomy without urethral flushing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design\u2014<\/jats:bold>Retrospective clinical study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Animals\u2014<\/jats:bold>Small ruminants (n=63; 50 goats, 13 sheep).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2014<\/jats:bold>Medical records (January 1996\u2013October 2003) for all small ruminants undergoing tube cystostomy were analyzed. Signalment, laboratory data, intraoperative findings, urolith type, and postoperative outcome were compared. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up was obtained at 6 and \u226512 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2014<\/jats:bold>Most animals were castrated males. Pygmy goats were overrepresented. Mean time to normal urination after tube cystostomy was 11 days, and mean hospitalization was 14 days. Seventy\u2010six percent of animals were successfully treated with tube cystostomy (90% of those discharged from hospital). Short\u2010 and long\u2010term survival was good for those animals with follow\u2010up data. Reobstruction occurred in &lt;20% of animals at 6 and 12 months. Goats, castrated males, and animals with normal serum potassium, no fluid in the abdomen, or no urethral process amputation were more likely to survive. Stone type, bladder appearance, and age at castration were not associated with outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:bold>Surgical tube cystostomy without urethral flushing is an effective technique for resolution of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance\u2014<\/jats:bold>Goats, small ruminants with an intact urethral process, absence of abdominal fluid, and serum potassium concentration &lt;5.2\u2003mEq\/L at admission were all associated with survival after tube cystostomy. Castrated males may also be more likely to survive. These factors should be considered in management of small ruminants with urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2006.00169.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,8]],"date-time":"2006-07-08T01:00:20Z","timestamp":1152320420000},"page":"417-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Short\u2010 and Long\u2010Term Outcome and Factors Predicting Survival After Surgical Tube Cystostomy for Treatment of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Small Ruminants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"JENNIFER M.","family":"EWOLDT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DAVID E.","family":"ANDERSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MATT D.","family":"MIESNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WILLIAM J.","family":"SAVILLE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Retention catheters for treatment of steers with ruptured bladders","volume":"147","author":"Hastings DH","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1995.tb01361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"661","article-title":"Caprine obstructive urolithiasis","volume":"33","author":"Fortier LA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Requirement for 2nd surgical intervention and mortality after percutaneous tube cystostomy, surgical tube cystostomy, or urinary bladder marsupialization"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Surgical management of urolithiasis in small ruminants","volume":"83","author":"Haven ML","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1987.9694078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.210.07.939","article-title":"Prepubic urethrostomy for relief of urethral obstruction in a sheep and a goat","volume":"210","author":"Stone WC","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1998.tb00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.32441"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.10.1600","article-title":"Pulsed dye laser lithotripsy for treatment of urolithiasis in two geldings","volume":"212","author":"Howard RD","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.33480"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1831"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","first-page":"689","article-title":"Urethral recess in male goats, sheep, cattle, and swine","volume":"191","author":"Garrett PD","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1998.tb00335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.546"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"S311","article-title":"Metabolic changes associated with obstructive urolithiasis in cattle","volume":"6","author":"Sockett D","year":"1984","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1532-950X.2006.00169.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00169.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T06:32:55Z","timestamp":1707114775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00169.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00169.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2006.00169.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-3499","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-950X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}}}