{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:01:01Z","timestamp":1787014861732,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe medial humeral epicondylitis in cats based on radiographic, anatomic, and histologic observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feline cadavers (n = 60).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Extended craniocaudal, and extended and flexed mediolateral radiographic projections were taken of both elbows of 60 consecutive\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      uropean shorthair cats that died or were euthanatized. Elbows with new bone formation at the medial epicondyle were dissected and embedded in methyl\u2010methacrylate (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). For comparison, both elbows of a cat with no radiographic changes were prepared in a similar manner. Sections of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      blocks were\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      iemsa stained and examined with light microscopy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral new bone formation was identified radiographically at the medial aspect of the humeral epicondyle in 6 cats (10%). All of these cats had mineral deposition in the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Other findings were cartilage damage (n = 3 cats), an additional loose medial joint body (1), and tendinosis (3). The ulnar nerve was flattened and displaced caudally, and signs of chronic epineural fibrosis were present in 2 severely affected cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten percent of this feline population had radiographic evidence of medial humeral epicondylitis with chronic degeneration, mineralization, and metaplastic bone formation in damaged fibrillar matrix involving the origin of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. New bone formation caused displacement and compression of the ulnar nerve in severely affected elbows. Based on our findings, medial humeral epicondylitis appears to be a common disorder in cats with potential clinical sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2012.01027.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T10:43:26Z","timestamp":1344422606000},"page":"795-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Medial Humeral Epicondylitis in Cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ronny","family":"Streubel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Small Animal Surgery Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Veterinary Anatomy Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre M.","family":"Montavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Small Animal Surgery Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4543(05)70333-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Overuse and throwing injuries in the skeletally immature athlete","volume":"52","author":"Hutchinson MR","year":"2003","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-009-9049-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232150-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00149619-200310000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199401000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-200312000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00340.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.628"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00708.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02983.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2007.00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.25.793"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(97)50088-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-10-04-0052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1622429","article-title":"Vorkommen und Behandlung von kn\u00f6chernen Metaplasien in den am medialen Epikondylus des Humerus entspringenden Beugesehnen beim Hund","volume":"32","author":"Meyer\u2010Lindenberg A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl Prax"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Insertion tendopathies in dogs","author":"Mayrhofer E","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1988.tb01906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.194.08.1082","article-title":"Redefined type of elbow dysplasia involving calcified flexor tendons attached to the medial humeral epicondyle in three dogs","volume":"194","author":"Zontine WJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1982.tb01639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-070202986-8.00042-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","unstructured":"BruggerS:Funktionell\u2010anatomische Untersuchungen an den Articulationes membri thoracici der Hauskatze (Felis catus s. silvestris domestica). 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