{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:01:03Z","timestamp":1787497263942,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the drawer test (\n DT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) alone and in combination with the tibial compression test (\n TCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) to detect stifle subluxation after transection of the cranial cruciate (\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), caudal cruciate (\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n d\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or both cruciate ligaments (total cruciate ligament or\n TCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Sample Population<\/jats:title>\n Cadaveric, skeletally mature canine pelvic limb pairs (n = 8).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Pelvic limbs disarticulated at the coxofemoral joint were randomly assigned to the following 1 of 4 groups: (1) limbs had complete transection of the\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; (2) limbs had complete transection of the\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n d\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; (3) limbs had complete transection of both ligaments; and (4) both ligaments were left intact. Participants performed the\n DT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the\n TCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and a diagnosis was given based on the\n DT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and on the combination of these tests.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n DT<\/jats:styled-content>\n had a poor sensitivity for correctly identifying\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n (69%),\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n d\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n (45%), and\n TCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n (26%) rupture, but had a high sensitivity when identifying intact limbs (97%). Specificity for\n DT<\/jats:styled-content>\n was greatest when identifying limbs with\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n d\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n (97%) and\n TCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n (92%) rupture, and the lowest when palpating limbs with\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n rupture (75%). Combining\n DT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n TCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n did not increase sensitivity or specificity values, nor did an increased level of evaluator training.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Independent of evaluator training, the\n DT<\/jats:styled-content>\n alone or combined with the\n TCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n poorly differentiates the cause of stifle instability associated with\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n d\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n TCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n rupture.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2012.01064.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T10:29:56Z","timestamp":1355221796000},"page":"392-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evaluation of the Drawer Test and the Tibial Compression Test for Differentiating Between Cranial and Caudal Stifle Subluxation Associated with Cruciate Ligament Instability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kelly R.","family":"Might","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9as","family":"Bachelez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0400385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1977.38.11.1807","article-title":"The cruciate ligaments of the canine stifle: an anatomical and functional analysis","volume":"38","author":"Arnoczky S","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Vet 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