{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T09:46:00Z","timestamp":1793353560782,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]],"date-time":"2012-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Previous studies demonstrated the efficacy of Intramuscular Nerve (IMN) therapy with a 4\u2010lead percutaneous, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) system in reducing hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP). This case series investigates the feasibility of a less complex, single\u2010lead approach in reducing HSP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Eight participants received one percutaneous intramuscular lead in the hemiparetic deltoid muscle and were then treated 6\u2003hours\/day for 3\u2003weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Brief Pain Inventory (Short\u2010Form) Question 3 (BPI3), which queries worst pain in the last week on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale. Secondary outcomes included pain interference (BPI9) and Medical Outcomes Study Short\u2010Form 36 (SF\u201036v2). Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed at the end of treatment (EOT) and 1 and 4\u2003weeks after the EOT.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> All participants tolerated the treatment well with 96% compliance. All leads remained infection\u2010free and were removed intact at the EOT. On average, participants exhibited 70% reduction in BPI3 at the EOT and 61% reduction at 4\u2003weeks after the EOT. All participants satisfied the success criterion of at least a 2\u2010point reduction in BPI3 at the EOT. Longitudinal analysis revealed significant treatment effect for BPI3 (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200314.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001), BPI9 (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20035.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01), and the bodily pain domain of SF\u201036v2 (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200312.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This case series demonstrates the feasibility of a single\u2010lead, 3\u2010week IMN therapy for the treatment of chronic HSP. Additional studies are needed to further demonstrate safety, efficacy, and long\u2010term benefit, define optimal prescriptive parameters and dose, and expand clinical indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00541.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T01:10:10Z","timestamp":1332810610000},"page":"59-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Single\u2010Lead Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Chae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina 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