{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:26:44Z","timestamp":1765279604582},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> A study was conducted to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of neopterin screening of blood donors with regard to the detection of window\u2010phase specimens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis\u2003C virus (HCV), and hepatitis\u2003B virus (HBV) infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> In total, 1002 diagnostic window\u2010phase specimens from 98 seroconversion panels (29 HIV\u20101, 52 HCV, and 17 HBV) were analyzed with viral antigen detection, viral nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), and neopterin quantitation assays. The study was completed by the analysis of 92 anti\u2010hepatitis\u2003B core antigen (HBc)\u2010reactive and 103 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)\u2010elevated blood donor specimens.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> A significant association between elevated neopterin concentrations and the very early phase of HIV\u20101 infection was found. No significant correlation could be observed between neopterin levels and the early phase of HCV or HBV infection. Neopterin concentration was not increased in specimens from blood donors with anti\u2010HBc reactivity or ALT elevation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Neopterin screening of blood donors may identify window\u2010phase cases of HIV, but not of HCV or HBV infection. The diagnostic sensitivity of neopterin screening during the HIV window phase is similar to that of the p24 antigen test. With the introduction of viral NATs in blood screening, there is no additional benefit of neopterin screening with regard to the three blood\u2010borne viruses HIV, HCV, and HBV. Acute phases of other infectious agents, however, have been reported to be detected by neopterin enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00994.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T07:44:40Z","timestamp":1158824680000},"page":"1886-1891","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neopterin levels during the early phase of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis\u2003C virus, or hepatitis\u2003B virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"C.\u2003Micha","family":"N\u00fcbling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Chudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Volkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"L\u00f6wer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200024605082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369209114604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.11.2104","article-title":"Increased prevalence of IgM antibodies 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