{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:05:59Z","timestamp":1771049159275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Bacterial and fungal infections in profound neutropenia after chemotherapy are associated with high mortality despite appropriate antibacterial and antifungal treatment. Granulocyte transfusions are used as a therapeutic addendum, but concern regarding pulmonary reactions often results in delayed use in clinical practice. Accordingly, many patients are already at advanced stages of their infectious disease once granulocytes are transfused. Thus, a prospective Phase\u2003II trial was conducted to test the safety and efficacy of therapeutic early\u2010onset granulocyte transfusions in immunocompromised children with neutropenia and severe infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010seven children with hematologic disorder or malignancy and severe neutropenia with clinically and\/or microbiologically documented severe infection unresponsive to standard treatment were included. They received granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF)\u2013elicited, crossmatched granulocyte concentrates every other day until complete recovery from infection was documented.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> A median of two granulocyte transfusions with a median of 8\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> granulocytes per kilogram of body weight were administered. All transfusions were well tolerated, and no pulmonary symptoms were observed. A total of 92.6\u2003percent of our patients were able to clear their initial infection, and 81.5\u2003percent were alive and without signs or symptoms of their infection 1\u2003month later. All six children with aspergillosis cleared their infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> G\u2010CSF\u2013elicited, crossmatched granulocyte concentrates are a safe and efficient therapeutic addendum in immunocompromised children with prolonged neutropenia and severe infections. Early transfusion of granulocyte concentrates can lead to an overall response rate of 92.6\u2003percent without adverse events. Randomized clinical trials with an early\u2010onset design are required to determine appropriate clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00996.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T07:44:40Z","timestamp":1158824680000},"page":"1909-1914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Safety and efficacy of therapeutic early onset granulocyte transfusions in pediatric patients with neutropenia and severe infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ulrich J.H.","family":"Sachs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Bein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Woessmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(94)95941-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1101(1996)11:1<1::AID-JCA1>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.7.1883.1883"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.11.2866.2866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.11.3302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400811"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"S110","article-title":"Granulocyte transfusions in neutropenic patients with life threatening infections: prophylactic and therapeutic use","volume":"23","author":"Auffermann S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1977.tb00994.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"0","volume-title":"NIAID manual of tissue typing techniques.","author":"Lalezari O","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0042-9007.2003.00373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-002-0394-8","article-title":"Granulocyte transfusions from G\u2010CSF\u2010stimulated donors for the treatment of severe infections in neutropenic patients with onco\u2010hematological diseases","volume":"11","author":"Cesaro S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.7.1438.1438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1744"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V67.2.522.522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0439-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.2920100406"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2006.00996.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00996.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T03:29:39Z","timestamp":1695958179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00996.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00996.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00996.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]]}}}