{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1769687042049,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,20]],"date-time":"2006-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1166572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Treatment of blood products with riboflavin and light has been used to reduce the number of certain pathogens. <jats:italic>Orientia<\/jats:italic> (formerly <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>, the scrub typhus agent, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that grows free in the cytoplasm of infected cells. This study evaluated the capability of riboflavin and light to inactivate <jats:italic>O.\u2003tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> in red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs), and plasma, as measured by mouse infectivity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> A total of 108 mice, equally divided into groups receiving RBCs, plasma, and PLTs, received untreated products infected with 10<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> organisms. Eighteen mice received products infected with 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> organisms and were subsequently treated with riboflavin and light. Mice were monitored daily for up to 17\u2003days for signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., lethargy, labored breathing, rough coat) and killed upon appearance of symptoms or on Day\u200317 after infection. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood and Giemsa stains from peritoneal exudates were performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> A total of 102 of 108 mice receiving the untreated products developed signs and symptoms of infection and had positive PCR and Giemsa stain results. None of the 18 animals receiving riboflavin and light\u2013treated blood products exhibited signs or symptoms of infection, nor was infection observed by PCR testing or Giemsa staining.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Riboflavin and light are effective in reducing <jats:italic>O.\u2003tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>. Mice injected with blood products inoculated with 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> organisms and treated with riboflavin and light did not experience any signs or symptoms of infection, 17\u2003days after inoculation. A 5\u2010log reduction of this organism in blood was achieved as assayed in an animal model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01094.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,21]],"date-time":"2006-12-21T08:20:05Z","timestamp":1166689205000},"page":"240-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Inactivation of <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/i> in red blood cells, plasma, and platelets with riboflavin and light, as demonstrated in an animal 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