{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:28:10Z","timestamp":1790987290298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,6]],"date-time":"2007-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1181088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Septic reactions continue to be reported with culture\u2010tested platelet (PLT) products, probably due to false\u2010negative results associated with inadequate sampling of low\u2010concentration bacteria. The mechanism of test failure was modeled and false\u2010negative rates were estimated utilizing published data.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> The effect of concentration on the probability of sampling one or more viable bacteria in an 8\u2010mL sample of a 300\u2010mL product was determined. The ratio of single\u2010 versus dual\u2010bottle\u2010positive tests in repeated cultures utilizing two\u2010bottle systems was used to assess mean bacterial concentrations and to predict false\u2010negative tests.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Published reports reveal a mean residual risk of sepsis of 2.3 per 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> products tested. Modeling the effect of concentration predicts that 50 and 95\u2003percent of samples are detected at 0.09 and 0.36 CFU per mL for organisms that grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and suggest a 50 and 5\u2003percent false\u2010negative culture rate at these concentrations. Reanalysis of published studies documenting single\u2010bottle growth of nonfastidious organisms indicate that low bacterial concentrations are frequently encountered and predict false\u2010negative cultures in products contaminated with common bacteria at rates that varied from 4 to more than 75 percent. The model highlights the weakness of the AABB definition of false\u2010positive culture results at low bacterial concentrations, especially for organisms that grow poorly in aerobic storage conditions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> Continuing reports of septic reactions after transfusion of culture\u2010tested apheresis PLTs, and frequent single\u2010bottle\u2010positive results when testing with two\u2010bottle systems, suggest appreciable levels of false\u2010negative results with a commercially available bacterial detection system (BacT\/ALERT, bioM\u00e9reiux) as implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01326.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,6]],"date-time":"2007-06-06T16:29:21Z","timestamp":1181147361000},"page":"1381-1389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["The residual risk of sepsis: modeling the effect of concentration on bacterial detection in two\u2010bottle culture systems and an estimation of false\u2010negative culture rates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Improving platelet safety: bacterial contamination of platelets","volume":"3","author":"Brecher ME","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Methods to minimize transfusion related bacterial sepsis","volume":"108","author":"Brecher ME","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.00650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00746.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2005.04270.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"Abstract","article-title":"Comparison of three bacterial detection methods under routine conditions","volume":"91","author":"Schmidt MS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2006.00850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","unstructured":"Actions following an initial positive test for possible bacterial contamination of a platelet unit [monograph on the Internet]. 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