{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:37:23Z","timestamp":1790901443962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> is a zoonotic disease endemic throughout the Mediterranean basin. The existence of asymptomatic human infection entails the risk of transmission by blood transfusion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection was studied in 1437 blood donors from the Balearic Islands (Majorca, Formentera, and Minorca) using immunologic (Western blot [WB] and delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity [DTH]), parasitologic (culture), and molecular (nested polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) methods. In addition, the efficiency of leukoreduction by filtration to remove the parasite was tested by nested PCR in the red blood cell (RBC) units.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> antibodies were detected in 44 of the 1437 blood donors tested (3.1%). A sample of 304 donors from Majorca was selected at random. <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> DNA was amplified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in 18 of the 304 (5.9%), and cultures were positive in 2 of the 304 (0.6%). DTH was performed on 73 of the 304 donors and was positive for 8 of them (11%). Of the 18 donors with positive <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> nested PCR, only 2 were seropositive. All the RBC samples tested (13 of 18) from donors with a positive PBMNC nested PCR yielded negative nested PCR results after leukodepletion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Cryptic <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection is highly prevalent in blood donors from the Balearic Islands. DTH and <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> nested PCR appear to be more sensitive to detect asymptomatic infection than the serology. The use of leukodepletion filters appears to remove parasites from RBC units efficiently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01708.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T17:52:58Z","timestamp":1208541178000},"page":"1383-1389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Asymptomatic infection by <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i> in blood donors from the Balearic Islands (Spain)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Riera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Fisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Chejade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Girona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MaTeresa","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Muncunill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Sede\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Mascar\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Udina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrrat","family":"G\u00e1llego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Carri\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Forteza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Port\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"379","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis, cutaneous glandular leishmaniasis and transfusional kala\u2010azar","volume":"55","author":"Andre R","year":"1958","journal-title":"Trop Dis Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","unstructured":"KostmannR BarrM BengtssonE GarnhamPC HuleG.Kala\u2010azar transferred by exchange blood transfusions in two Swedish infants. 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