{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:02:38Z","timestamp":1791266558656,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]],"date-time":"2011-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> In 2007, 2008, and 2009 outbreaks of Q\u2010fever occurred in the Netherlands with increasing magnitude. The 2009 outbreak with 2354 reported cases is the largest human Q\u2010fever outbreak ever recorded. To assess the extent of infection and the safety of donated blood, we tested local blood donations for presence of <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies and DNA.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Starting May 2009, more than 40,000 serum samples were collected from all consenting blood donors in the areas with high Q\u2010fever incidence. The 1004 samples from the areas with the highest number of reported cases were tested for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> DNA by polymerase chain reaction; seroprevalence and incidence were determined using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) in the subset of 543 donors of whom a follow\u2010up sample was available.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> A total of 6 of 1004 donor samples tested reactive for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> DNA. Confirmatory testing (IFA) on the index and follow\u2010up samples demonstrated seroconversion in two donors, high\u2010level preexisting antibodies in one donor, and no seroconversion in three donors. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G testing of the 543 serum pairs showed that 66 were reactive in the latest sample, of which 10 represented seroconversions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> In the area with highest incidence during a large Q\u2010fever outbreak, 3 of 1004 blood donations contained <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> DNA (0.3%; 95% confidence interval, 0.1%\u20101.0%). A total of 66 of 543 (12.2%) donors tested positive for anti\u2010<jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> IgG. Ten seroconversions were detected, resulting in an incidence of 5.7% per year, which is more than 10\u2010fold higher than the local number of reported clinical cases (0.47% per year).<\/jats:p><jats:p>[Correction added after online publication 14\u2010Jul\u201011: high\u2010level existing antibodies has been updated to highlevel preexisting antibodies.]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03250.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T06:24:52Z","timestamp":1310711092000},"page":"144-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["<i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> infection among blood donors during the 2009 Q\u2010fever outbreak in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Boris M.","family":"Hogema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Slot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Molier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Schneeberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam H.","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik J.","family":"van Hannen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van der Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. Theo","family":"Cuijpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans L.","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70052-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii:19210","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.19.19210-en","article-title":"Sustained intensive transmission of Q fever in the south of the Netherlands, 2009","volume":"14","author":"Schimmer B","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii:19520","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.12.19520-en","article-title":"Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures","volume":"15","author":"van der Hoek W","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Q fever epidemic in the Netherlands: history, onset, response and reflection","volume":"5","author":"Roest HJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.22.4.484-487.1985","article-title":"Immunoglobulin responses in acute Q fever","volume":"22","author":"Dupuis G","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70142-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii: 18975","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.37.18975-en","article-title":"Q fever in the Netherlands\u2014what matters is seriousness of disease rather than quantity","volume":"13","author":"Cilla G","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","unstructured":"Anonymous.Q\u2010fever transmitted by blood transfusion\u2014United States. CDC public health notes1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"A1845","article-title":"Three years of Q fever in the Netherlands: faster diagnosis","volume":"154","author":"van der Hoek W","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.25.3.285-293.1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00454-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1796-1801.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1973.tb110910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5158.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01006-10"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2011.03250.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03250.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T12:27:15Z","timestamp":1697286435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03250.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03250.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03250.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,14]]}}}