{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:31:03Z","timestamp":1770895863905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]],"date-time":"2011-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Human babesiosis in the United States is primarily attributable to infection with the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>. Transfusion\u2010transmitted <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> (TTB) is a mounting blood safety concern; approximately 100 US cases of TTB have been reported since 1980. In response, market withdrawal (MW) and\/or lookback (LB) has been advocated for cellular components derived from <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive blood donors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and selective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of Connecticut donors was conducted from 1999 through 2005. MW\/LB was initiated following established procedures on cellular components derived from IFA and\/or PCR\u2010positive donors. Recipients of these associated components were offered IFA and PCR testing for <jats:italic>B.\u2003microti.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> A total of 208 seropositive donors were identified, with 474 donations and 656 cellular components subject to MW\/LB. Sixty\u2010three recipients were tested for <jats:italic>B.\u2003microti<\/jats:italic>; eight (12.7%) were IFA and\/or PCR positive. A significantly higher proportion of <jats:italic>B.\u2003microti<\/jats:italic>\u2013positive recipients were identified by LB in 1999 to 2000 (5 of 15, 33.3%) than after implementation of seropositive donor deferral in 2001 (3 of 48, 6.3%). Significant differences in positive LBs were also found when comparing index (50% positive) to previous donations (7.3% positive), and when comparing demonstrably parasitemic to nonparasitemic donors, 33.3 and 2.9%, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Recipients of components from <jats:italic>B.\u2003microti<\/jats:italic>\u2013positive donors were infected via transfusion, with index donations from parasitemic donors posing the greatest transmission risk. This report of <jats:italic>B.\u2003microti<\/jats:italic> transmission detected through LB, coupled with ongoing TTB cases, indicates that interventions are needed to reduce transmission of <jats:italic>B.\u2003microti<\/jats:italic> to US blood recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03345.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]],"date-time":"2011-09-12T16:26:34Z","timestamp":1315844794000},"page":"1509-1516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Lookback investigations of <i>Babesia microti<\/i>\u2013seropositive blood donors: seven\u2010year experience in a <i>Babesia<\/i>\u2010endemic area"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Stephanie T.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ritchard G.","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Leiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197010152831607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1998.11813307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.6.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"S90","article-title":"A series of 23 transfusion\u2010associated babesiosis cases","volume":"50","author":"Linden JV","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-4-446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.8.2097-2103.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02538.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.8.2014-2016.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"35A","article-title":"Natural history study (NHS) of Babesia microti in Connecticut blood donors","volume":"49","author":"Tonnetti L","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1994.34494233574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"31A","article-title":"Chagas transmission identified through lookback","volume":"50","author":"Kessler D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","unstructured":"FDA.Blood products advisory committee meeting. August 2 2011. Briefing materials. [cited 2011 Aug 30]. 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