{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T17:36:55Z","timestamp":1773509815241,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Although recent data have brought into question the association between xenotropic murine leukemia virus\u2010related virus (XMRV) and chronic fatigue syndrome, one group has reported evidence of human infection with distinct polytropic murine leukemia viruses (MLVs). Occult retroviral infection among humans poses a significant public health risk should it be introduced into the blood supply. To explore the possibility of cross\u2010species transmission of MLVs to humans, we sought molecular and serologic evidence of XRMV\/MLV infection among a cohort of animal workers highly exposed to mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Before the commencement of the study, the laboratory and equipment were demonstrated to be free of XMRV\/MLV DNA sequences. DNA extracted from 43 animal workers was tested using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with published primer sets, targeting regions of XMRV and MLV <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>. Negative controls were assayed in a 1:1 ratio with specimens. Serum specimens were tested using a validated immunoblot assay containing cross\u2010reactive XMRV antigens.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Initial molecular assays demonstrated that the physical space and laboratory equipment were free of MLV and XMRV DNA sequences. Nested PCR assays using multiple primer sets successfully amplified XMRV and MLV sequences from positive controls with high sensitivity. A single, nonreproducible, false\u2010positive result from one specimen was shown to be the result of subsequent contamination. Immunoblotting of all subjects' sera failed to demonstrate any evidence of seroreactivity to XMRV proteins.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> There was no evidence of human infection with XMRV\/MLV among a cohort of individuals highly exposed to mice. These data suggest that the likelihood of cross\u2010species transmission events of MLV from mice to humans is low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03463.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T08:44:07Z","timestamp":1325234647000},"page":"317-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["No evidence of cross\u2010species transmission of mouse retroviruses to animal workers exposed to mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karly","family":"Lycett\u2010Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyna","family":"Caminiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Merks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sandstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1205292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006901107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","volume-title":"Association bulletin #10\u201003\u2014chronic fatigue syndrome and blood donation","author":"Fredrick J","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","unstructured":"Canadian Blood Services.Indefinite deferral for history of chronic fatigue syndrome.2011. [cited 2011 Jul 11]. Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.bloodservices.ca\/CentreApps\/Internet\/UW_V502_MainEngine.nsf\/page\/Indefinite_Deferral_for_History_of_Chronic_Fatigue_Syndrome?OpenDocument"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09597-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3461561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199904150-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01079.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2007.00408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-57"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.15.6.1440-1448.1975","article-title":"Interspecies antigenic determinants of the reverse transcriptases and p30 proteins of mammalian type C viruses","volume":"15","author":"Sherr CJ","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-10-2635","article-title":"Reactivity of primate sera to foamy virus Gag and Bet proteins","volume":"75","author":"Hahn H","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10327-10338.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(98)01406-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5453.607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2007.0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80090-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6174","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.8.6174-6178.1997","article-title":"Sensitization of rhabdo\u2010, lenti\u2010, and spumaviruses to human serum by galactosyl(alpha1\u20103)galactosylation","volume":"71","author":"Takeuchi Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(74)90135-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","first-page":"729","article-title":"Activation of C\u2010type virus during chemically induced leukemogenesis in mice","volume":"38","author":"Nexo BA","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(03)00137-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-47-2-399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890110107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1995.11.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","unstructured":"DrummondAJ AshtonB BuxtonS CheungM CooperA DuranC FieldM HeledJ KearseM MarkowitzS MoirR Stones\u2010HavasS SturrockS ThiererT WilsonA.Geneious v5.4.2011. [cited 2011 Nov 22]. Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.geneious.com\/"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2011.03463.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03463.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T12:29:36Z","timestamp":1697286576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03463.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03463.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03463.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]}}}