{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:51:40Z","timestamp":1793379100511,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]],"date-time":"2012-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood donors that meet the hemoglobin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Hb<\/jats:styled-content>) criteria for donation may have undetected subclinical iron deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of subclinical iron deficiency in whole blood donors with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Hb<\/jats:styled-content>levels above cutoff levels for donation by measuring zinc protoporphyrin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZPP<\/jats:styled-content>) levels. In addition, prevalence rates based on other iron variables were assessed for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population comprised 5280<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>utch whole blood donors, who passed the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Hb<\/jats:styled-content>criteria for donation. During donor screening,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Hb<\/jats:styled-content>levels were measured in capillary samples (finger prick), and venous blood samples were taken for measurements of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZPP<\/jats:styled-content>and other iron variables. These variables included ferritin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sTfR<\/jats:styled-content>), hepcidin, red blood cell mean corpuscular volume (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCV<\/jats:styled-content>), and mean cell Hb (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCH<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZPP<\/jats:styled-content>cutoff level of at least 100\u2009\u03bcmol\/mol heme, subclinical iron deficiency was present in 6.9% of male donors and in 9.8% of female donors. Based on other iron variables, iron deficiency was also observed. Prevalence rates ranged from 4.8% (based on transferrin saturation) to 27.4% (based on hepcidin concentration) in men and from 5.6% (based on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sTfR<\/jats:styled-content>concentration) to 24.7% (based on hepcidin concentration) in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results from this study showed that subclinical iron deficiency is prevalent among blood donors that meet the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Hb<\/jats:styled-content>criteria for blood donation, based on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZPP<\/jats:styled-content>levels and on other iron variables. This finding needs attention because these donors are at increased risk of developing iron deficiency affecting<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Hb<\/jats:styled-content>formation and other cellular processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03956.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,26]],"date-time":"2012-11-26T09:44:33Z","timestamp":1353923073000},"page":"1670-1677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["High prevalence of subclinical iron deficiency in whole blood donors not deferred for low hemoglobin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"A. 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the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorine W.","family":"Swinkels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Studies Sanquin Research Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin T.","family":"Wiegerinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Studies Sanquin Research Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre 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