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We model the expected future costs of different strategies for continued vaccination, surveillance, and other costs that require significant potential resource commitments. We estimate the costs of different potential policy portfolios for low\u2010, middle\u2010, and high\u2010income countries to demonstrate the variability in these costs. We estimate that a global transition from routine immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) would increase the costs of managing polio globally, although routine IPV use remains less costly than routine OPV use with supplemental immunization activities. The costs of surveillance and a stockpile, while small compared to routine vaccination costs, represent important expenditures to ensure adequate response to potential outbreaks. The uncertainty and sensitivity analyses highlight important uncertainty in the aggregated costs and demonstrates that the discount rate and uncertainty in price and administration cost of IPV drives the expected incremental cost of routine IPV vs. OPV immunization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2006.00842.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]],"date-time":"2006-12-08T21:02:50Z","timestamp":1165611770000},"page":"1507-1531","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Costs of Future Polio Risk Management Policies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Radboud J. 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