{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:18:49Z","timestamp":1791688729019,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,30]],"date-time":"2011-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. Disease transmission often occurs through the handling of domestic livestock, as well as ingestion of unpasteurized milk and cheese, but can have enhanced infectivity if aerosolized. Because there is no human vaccine available, rising concerns about the threat of Brucellosis to human health and its inclusion in the Center for Disease Control's Category B Bioterrorism\/Select Agent List make a better understanding of the dose\u2010response relationship of this microbe necessary.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Through an extensive peer\u2010reviewed literature search, candidate dose\u2010response data were appraised so as to surpass certain standards for quality. The statistical programming language, \u201cR,\u201d was used to compute the maximum likelihood estimation to fit two models, the exponential and the approximate beta\u2010Poisson (widely used for quantitative risk assessment) to dose\u2010response data. Dose\u2010response models were generated for prevalent species of <jats:italic>Brucella: Br. suis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Br. melitensis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Br. abortus<\/jats:italic>. Dose\u2010response models were created for aerosolized <jats:italic>Br. suis<\/jats:italic> exposure to guinea pigs from pooled studies. A parallel model for guinea pigs inoculated through both aerosol and subcutaneous routes with <jats:italic>Br. melitensis<\/jats:italic> showed that the median infectious dose corresponded to a 30 colony\u2010forming units (CFU) dose of <jats:italic>Br. suis<\/jats:italic>, much less than the <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> dose of about 94 CFU for <jats:italic>Br. melitensis<\/jats:italic> organisms. When <jats:italic>Br. melitensis<\/jats:italic> was tested subcutaneously on mice, the <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> dose was higher, 1,840 CFU. A dose\u2010response model was constructed from pooled data for mice, rhesus macaques, and humans inoculated through three routes (subcutaneously\/aerosol\/intradermally) with <jats:italic>Br. melitensis.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2011.01602.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,30]],"date-time":"2011-03-30T18:57:32Z","timestamp":1301511452000},"page":"1576-1596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Animal and Human Dose\u2010Response Models for <i>Brucella<\/i> Species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sondra S.","family":"Teske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushil B.","family":"Tamrakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Bartrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70286-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46097-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-008-0072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.5.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.2.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Topley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology","author":"Corbel MJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00118-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-008-0072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v26.i5.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-45-211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6919.1609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"867","article-title":"Human health benefits from livestock vaccination for brucellosis: Case study","volume":"81","author":"Roth F","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199506000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.5.1216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807000210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-46"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). 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