{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T03:44:26Z","timestamp":1759117466901},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]],"date-time":"2011-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Risk Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Rickettsia rickettsii<\/jats:italic> is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and is the prototype bacterium in the spotted fever group of rickettsiae, which is found in North, Central, and South America. The bacterium is gram negative and an obligate intracellular pathogen. The disease is transmitted to humans and vertebrate host through tick bites; however, some cases of aerosol transmission also have been reported. The disease can be difficult to diagnose in the early stages, and without prompt and appropriate treatment, it can be fatal. This article develops dose\u2010response models of different routes of exposure for RMSF in primates and humans. The beta\u2010Poisson model provided the best fit to the dose\u2010response data of aerosol\u2010exposed rhesus monkeys, and intradermally inoculated humans (morbidity as end point of response). The average 50% infectious dose among (ID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) exposed human population, N<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>, is 23 organisms with 95% confidence limits of 1 to 89 organisms. Similarly, ID<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and ID<jats:sub>20<\/jats:sub> are 2.2 and 5.0, respectively. Moreover, the data of aerosol\u2010exposed rhesus monkeys and intradermally inoculated humans could be pooled. This indicates that the dose\u2010response models fitted to different data sets are not significantly different and can be described by the same relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2011.01604.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]],"date-time":"2011-03-31T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1301583199000},"page":"1610-1621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dose\u2010Response Model of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) for Human"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sushil B.","family":"Tamrakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6138.651"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1068-607X(01)00098-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.7.769"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.349","article-title":"Assessing the magnitude of fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States: Comparison of two national data sources","volume":"67","author":"Paddock CD","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","volume-title":"Galveston, Rickettsiae","author":"Walker DH","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.40.100186.001443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.2.773-778.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.3.227"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.12.3110-3115.1988","article-title":"Potential for free radical\u2010induced lipid peroxidation as a cause of endothelial cell injury in Rocky Mountain spotted fever","volume":"56","author":"Silverman DJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.211.12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196710192771603"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.25.2.580-582.1979","article-title":"Exposure of guinea pigs to Rickettsia rickettsii by aerosol, nasal, conjunctival, gastric, and subcutaneous routes and protection afforded by an experimental vaccine","volume":"25","author":"Kenyon RH","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197710202971604"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1128\/br.30.3.636-645.1966","article-title":"Aerosol infection of monkeys with Rickettsia rickettsii","volume":"30","author":"Saslaw S","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bacteriological Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","first-page":"725","article-title":"Changes in blood serum constituents and hematologic values in Macaca mulatta with Rocky Mountain spotted fever","volume":"37","author":"Sammons LS","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.10.5.719-723.1979","article-title":"Evaluation of a killed Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"10","author":"Gonder JC","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/128.3.340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","unstructured":"HaasCN RoseJB GerbaCP Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. 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