{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:02:21Z","timestamp":1763726541516},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]],"date-time":"2011-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pacing Clinical Electrophis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> There has been concern over declining bipolar (BP) impedance (Z) in aging polyurethane (PU) cardiac pacing leads. Subsequently, a prospective study was conducted comparing BP Z, threshold (Th), and R\u2010wave sensing amplitude of 55D PU\u2010insulated (Model 4024, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) and silicone\u2010insulated (Model 5024) leads.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> This study was initiated by The Iowa Heart Center. Patients with Model 4024 (N = 162) or 5024 (N = 120) pacing leads with at least 6 years implant time were enrolled and followed for an additional 5 years.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> There was a significant drop in the mean BP Z for the Model 4024 population, between enrollment (6 years) and the final endpoint (11 years), which was in contrast to the Model 5024 which did not see a significant drop in its mean BP Z for this same period. The trend difference seen in the means between the two models was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between dropping BP Z and rising Th (P &lt; 0.0001). The analysis showed that if BP Z dropped below 200 ohms, the probability of having a &gt;3X increase over baseline, in Th at 2.5 V, increases from approximately 3\u20137% to as high as 30%.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>\n            <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> A significant drop in BP Z observed in the PU\u2010insulated Model 4024 lead was not present in the silicone\u2010insulated Model 5024 lead. The statistically significant relationship between dropping BP Z and rising Th helps to understand how to better manage patients with aging leads. (PACE 2012; 35:51\u201357)<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03230.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,5]],"date-time":"2011-10-05T18:24:13Z","timestamp":1317839053000},"page":"51-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Insulation Material in Aging Pacing Leads: Comparison of Impedance and Other Electricals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"W. 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Polyurethane insulators a design approach to small pacing leads. In:MeerC(ed.):VI World Symposium on Cardiac Pacing. Montreal Pacesymp 1979.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1979.tb04272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(82)90024-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-8807(93)90051-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","unstructured":"Medtronic Cardiac Rhythm Disease Management Product Performance Report\u20132010 Second Edition (Issue 63). Available at:http:\/\/www.CRMPPR.medtronic.com(Accessed November 30 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06780.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"689","article-title":"Can we expect flawless lead performance forever? A need to define expected lead end of service signatures. (abstract)","volume":"24","author":"Johnson WB","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"817","article-title":"Lead impedance measured bipolar vs. unipolar. A method to identify lead insulation failure. (abstract)","volume":"18","author":"Philippon F","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00414-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00205.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"1150","article-title":"Observed telemetered impedance changes and their use to predict 4504\/M bipolar 80A polyurethane atrial lead failure. (abstract)","volume":"20","author":"Johnson WB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","unstructured":"\u201clmer\u201d and \u201cMCMC\u201d packages in R software version 2.12.1. Available at:http:\/\/www.r\u2010project.org\/(Accessed December 16 2010)."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"740","article-title":"Value of unipolarizing safety alert 4004\/M 80A polyurethane lead\u2026Is it safe? (abstract)","volume":"19","author":"Johnson WB","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"952","article-title":"Follow\u2010up and intra\u2010op experience with converting in\u2010line bipolar leads showing failure\u2014to a unipolar configuration. (abstract)","volume":"18","author":"Irwin ME","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Management of model 4004\/M safety alert 80A polyurethane lead: Unipolarize or replace? 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