{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T17:22:53Z","timestamp":1785172973828,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,29]],"date-time":"2007-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4958,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chagas\u2019 Heart Disease. Chagas\u2019 disease is a chronic parasitosis affecting most LatinAmerican countries, Its most important clinical manifestation is a late developing chronicmyocarditis and, much less frequently, an early acute myocarditis, Chagasic myocardial damage is microfocal and disseminated throughout the heart, In most cases, the coexistence ofareas of myocytic degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, and fibrosis suggests a permanentevolving process. Commonly, chronic chagasic myocarditis resemhies a dilated cardiomyopa\u2013thy, with characteristic ECG abnormalities (atrial and ventricular extrasystoles, intraventricular and\/or AV conduction disturbances, and primary ST\u2010T wave changes), Since myocardialdamage is scattered throughout the heart, the ECG abnormalities (arrhythmias, conductiondisturbances, and repolarization changes) are also representative of the widespread cardiacinvolvement. Thus, sick sinus syndrome, atrial extrasystoles, intraatrial conduction disturbances, and atrial fibrillation or flutter are common findings in different stages of the disease, At the ventricular level, both conduction disturbances and arrhythmias are conspicuousexpressions of the myocardial damage. Right bundle branch block alone or in combinationwith left anterior hemiblock are the most common conduction defects, Further compromise ofthe conduction system can lead to different degrees of AV block, Chagas\u2019 disease is the maincause of bundle branch block and AV block in endemic areas, In advanced cases of Chagas'heart disease, ventricular premature contractions are extremely frequent, multiforM. andrepetitive (couplets and runs of ventricular tachycardia), and show R on T phenomenon, Thesearrhythmias are usually aggravated by increased sympathetic tone, implying an enbanced riskof cardiac sudden death among chagasic patients, which is sometimes the first manifestation ofthe illness, Chronic chagasic myocarditis is the leading cause of cardiovascular death, mostly asa consequence of heart failure and sudden death, in areas where the disease is endemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1993.tb01247.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,14]],"date-time":"2007-05-14T01:34:52Z","timestamp":1179106492000},"page":"596-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Cardiac Arrhythmias in Chagas\u2019Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"MARCELO V.","family":"ELIZARI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PABLO A.","family":"CHIALE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Report of a WHO ExpertCommiltee","author":"Control of Chagas' disease","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"3058","article-title":"Chagas' disease in LalinAmerican immigrants","volume":"254","author":"Kirschhoff LV","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109123251103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Actite CNS infection by T, cruzi iniminiinosuppressed patients. 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