{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T12:32:01Z","timestamp":1749213121832},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3761,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrophysiology of Anterior AVN Input. <jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Previous reports have described electrophysiologic properties and rate\u2010dependent responses in the transitional cell zone of the posterior AV nodal input (slow pathway). The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrophysiology of the anterior transitional cell zone (fast pathway) in vivo and in a Langendorff preparation perfused with a nonblood solution containing butanedionemonoxime to inhibit contraction.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>: In five anesthetized dogs, the His\u2010bundle electrogram recorded from the aortic root included atrial activity in close proximity to the anterior limbus of the fossa ovalis. During decremental atrial pacing, the atrial potential exhibited amplitude alternans at a pacing cycle length (CL) of 135 \u00b1 14 msec. In ten isolated pertused canine hearts, a bipctlar electrode catheter was positioned with its tip against the right anterior interatrial septum just superior to the tendon of Todaro. The AV Wenckebach CL (WCL) averaged 262 \u00b1 21 msec. During further decreases in pacing CL, the bipolar atrial potential developed a 2:1 amplitude alternans (9\/10 dogs) at CL = 168 \u00b1 15 msec and then split into two components with subsequent 2:1 block between these components (10\/10 dogs) at CL = 152 \u00b1 19 msec. Radiofrequency ablation at this site in six dogs prolonged the stimulus to HB interval from 113 \u00b1 19 to 151 \u00b1 30 msec (P &lt; 0.01) without changing the WCL, consistent with ablation of the fast AV nodal pathway. In six other isolated perfused canine hearts, an octapolar catheter (2\u2010mm spacing) was positioned along the anterior limbus of the fossa ovalLs with the tip electrode located over the anterior portion (apex) of the triangle of Koch. The aforementioned 2:1 amplitude alternans occurred at a longer CL in the distal electrodes located at the tendon of Todaro than in the proximal electrodes at farther distances from the tendon of Todaro (185 \u00b1 25 vs 171 \u00b1 20 msec, P &lt; 0.05), as did the 2:1 block between the two components (161 \u00b1 18 vs 150 \u00b1 18 msec, P &lt; 0.05). Microelectrode recordings obtained adjacent to the catheter demonstrated 2:1 alternans and block patterns in the action potentials of transitional cells but not in atrial cells, which exhibited 1:1 conduction at all CL.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The transitional cell zone in the anterior interatrial septum exhibits a specific rate\u2010dependent, spatial gradient of conduction block, which can be recorded in bipolar electro\u2010grams as well as microelectrode recordings. Electrophysiologic changes induced by radiofrequency ablation of this anterior atrial\/transitional cell zone (corroborated by histology) provide strong presumptive evidence that this area constitutes all or a major part of the fast AV nodal pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1997.tb00608.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T15:15:10Z","timestamp":1177082110000},"page":"47-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Electrophysiology of the Right Anterior Approach to the Atrioventricular Node:"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"MATTHIAS","family":"ANTZ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BENJAMIN J.","family":"SCHERLAG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"EUGENE","family":"PATTERSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KENICHIRO","family":"OTOMO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CLAUDIO","family":"TONDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JAN","family":"PITHA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARIO D.","family":"GONZALEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WARREN M.","family":"JACKMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RALPH","family":"LAZZARA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.6.2162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.5.2351"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Changing concepts of A\u2010V nodal conduction: Basic and clinical correlates","volume":"21","author":"Scherlag BJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Primary Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Research in Physiology","author":"Scherlag BJ","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00509-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"168","article-title":"Effect of albumin on the electrophysiological stability of isolated perfused rabbit hearts","volume":"13","author":"Kates RE","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"688","article-title":"Effects of diacetyl monoxime on cardiac excitation\u2010contraction coupling","volume":"232","author":"Li T","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of 2,3\u2010butanedione monoxime on the AV conduction in the isolated heart","volume":"92","author":"Mazgalev T","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"H1177","article-title":"Coronary flow stimulates auricular\u2010ventricular transmission in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart","volume":"269","author":"Rubio R","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"H163","article-title":"Atrioventricular nodal activation during periodic premature stimulation of the atrium","volume":"252","author":"Billelte J","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.8.4.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.35.6.909"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"The human atrioventricular junctional area. 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