{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:44:41Z","timestamp":1760028281379},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3092,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transition Between Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter. <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> The eletrophysiologic mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF) has a wide spectrum, and it seems that some atrial regions are essential for the occurrence of a particular type of AF. We focused on one type of AF: AF associated with typical atrial flutter (AFI), which was right atrial (RA) arrhythmia, and sought to investigate intra\u2010atrial electrograms and activation sequences in the transition between AF and AFL.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic> Intra\u2010atrial electrograms and activation sequences in the R.A free wall and the septum were evaluated in the transition between AF and AFL in seven patients without organic heart disease (all men; mean age 57 \u00b1 11 years). In five episodes of the conversion of AFL into AF, the AFL cycle length was shortened (from 211 \u00b1 6 msec in stable AFL to 190 \u00b1 15 msec before the conversion, P, 0.001). Interruption of the AFL wavefront and an abrupt activation sequential change induced by a premature atrial impulse resulted in fractionation and disorganization of the septal electrograms. During sustained AF, septal electrograms were persistently fractionated with disorganized activation sequences. However, the RA free\u2010wall electrograms were organized, and the activation sequence was predominantly craniocaudal rather than caudocranial throughout AF. In 12 episodes of the conversion of AF into AFL, the AF cycle length measured in the RA free wall increased (from 165 \u00b1 26 msec at the onset of AF to 180 \u00b1 24 msec before the conversion, P, 0.001). AFL resumed when fractionated septal electrograms were separated and organized to the caudocranial direction, despite the RA free\u2010wall electrograms remaining discrete and sharp with an isoelectric line.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Changes of the electrogram and activation sequence in the atrial septum played an important role in the transition between AF and AFL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00089.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T14:29:12Z","timestamp":1177079352000},"page":"1173-1179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Atrial Electrograms and Activation Sequences in the Transition Between Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"TETSURO","family":"EMORI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KENGO","family":"FUKUSHIMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HIRONORI","family":"SAITO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KAZUAKT","family":"NAKAYAMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TOHRU","family":"OHE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"On the multiple wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation","volume":"140","author":"Moe GK","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(64)90371-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.41.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.3.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.7.1839"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.3.398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.3.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.74.5.882"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00068-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03269.x","article-title":"Regional disparity of endocardial atrial activation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"19","author":"Jais P","year":"1996","journal-title":"PACE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2136"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1540-8167.1998.tb00089.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00089.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T22:22:23Z","timestamp":1698445343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00089.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00089.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00089.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}}}