{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:15:48Z","timestamp":1787800548277,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3396,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Differential Drug Effects on Anisotropic Conduction. <jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>:Anisotropic conduction characteristics, expressed as the ratio of conduction velocities in the longitudinal (V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>) and transverse (V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>) fiber directions, may play a role in the mechanism of some ventricular tachycardias and is influenced by pharmacologic interventions. Discrepancies exist among the reported orientation\u2010dependent effects of available Class I antiarrhythmic drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the respective effects of quinidine (Class IA), flecainide (Class IC), and cibenzoline (not subclassifled) on the anisotropic conduction of porcine hearts, in corroboration of their effects on ventricular action potentials.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>: We studied the actions of 3 and 10 \u03bcM quinidine, 1 and 3 \u03bcM flecainide, and 0.3 and 1 \u03bcM cibenzoline on V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> determined from 128 electrograms recorded with a plaque electrode on the anterior left ventricle of isolated perfused hearts (spacing 2.5 mm). V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> were computed from isochronal maps displaying ellipsoid activation during stimulation from the center of the plaque. The effects on the maximal rate of depolarization (V\u02d9<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) of action potentials were obtained from ventricular muscle exposed to the same drugs. Flecainide [1 \u03bcM] and cibenzoline [0.3 \u03bcM] did not alter V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>, and V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>, significantly. Quinidine [3 \u03bcM] predominantly depressed V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> at rapid pacing rates, hut the V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>\/V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> ratio was not significantly altered. Quinidine [10 \u03bcM] and flecainlde [3 \u03bcM] reduced V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> in a frequency dependent fashion. Conversely, cibenzoline [1 \u03bcM] mostly decreased V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub> and thus decreased the V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>\/V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> ratio and increased the V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>\/V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> at all pacing rates. This different effect was not related to a greater depressant effect on V\u02d9<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Quinidine and flecainide act similarly on the anisotropic pattern of conduction (both drugs increase the V<jats:sub>l<\/jats:sub>\/V<jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub> ratio), whereas cibenzoline exerts opposite effects. Orientation dependent effects are different among Class I antiarrhythmic drugs and may be of importance in their therapeutic efficacy or proarrhythmic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00867.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T14:48:49Z","timestamp":1177080529000},"page":"55-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differential Effects of Quinidine, Flecainide, and Cibenzoline on Anisotropic Conduction in the Isolated Porcine Heart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"DOMINIQUE","family":"LACROIX","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PHILIPPE","family":"DELFAUT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MONIQUB","family":"ADAMANTIDIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"REN\u00c9","family":"CARDINAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DIDIER","family":"KLUG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SALEM","family":"KACET","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BERNARD","family":"DUPUIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1957.188.3.423","article-title":"Capacity of muscle fiber membrane","volume":"188","author":"Tasaki I","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(83)84273-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.63.2.386"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.48.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"H179","article-title":"Electrical uncoupling and impulse propagation in isolated sheep Purkinje fibers","volume":"257","author":"Jalife J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"353","volume-title":"Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside","author":"Wit AL","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.56.3.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.77.5.1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.41.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"811","article-title":"Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on direction differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle","volume":"62","author":"Spach MS","year":"1988","journal-title":"A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation. 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