{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:05:55Z","timestamp":1773291955266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2911,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcium Channels in Human Fetal Heart. <jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: L\u2010type calcium channels were studied in cell\u2010attached patches from ventricular cell membranes of human fetal heart.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>: Experiments were performed in the presence of 70 mM Ba<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> as the charge carrier at 22\u00b0C to 24\u00b0C. Unitary current sweeps were evoked by 300\u2010msec depolarizing pulses to 0 mV from a holding potential of \u201050 mV at 0.5 Hz. Recorded currents were blocked by nisoldipine (I \u03bcM) and stimulated by (\u2010)Bay K 8644 (1 \u03bcM). During control, channel activity was seen in 13.9%\u03bc 4.2% of the total 200 sweeps. Ensemble average current amplitude was 0.03 \u00b1 0.01 pA (n = 6) and average conductance was 20.4 \u00b1 0.2 pS (n = 5). Analysis of single channel kinetics showed open time and closed time histograms were best fit by one and two exponentials, respectively. Mean open time was \u03c4<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>= 0.99 \u00b1 0.05 msec (n = 6). Mean closed time fast (\u03c4<jats:sub>cf<\/jats:sub>) and slow (\u03c4<jats:sub>cs<\/jats:sub>) component values were \u03c4<jats:sub>cr<\/jats:sub>= 0.85 \u00b1 0.09 msec and \u03c4<jats:sub>cs<\/jats:sub>= 8.0 \u00b1 0.94 msec (n = 6), respectively. With intrapipette (\u2010)Bay K 8644 (1 \u03bcM), mean open time was best fit by two exponentials, \u03c4<jats:sub>cf<\/jats:sub>= 0.9 \u00b1 0.2 msec (n = 10) and \u03c4<jats:sub>os<\/jats:sub>= 13.4 \u00b1 2.6 msec (n = 10); mean close time values were \u03c4<jats:sub>cf<\/jats:sub>= 0.6 \u00b1 0.1 msec (n = 10) and \u03c4<jats:sub>cf<\/jats:sub>= 9.8 \u00b1 1.9 msec (n = 10), respectively. With (\u2010)Bay K 8644, channel activity was 66.5%\u00b1 7.4%, the ensemble average current was 0.52 \u00b1 0.04 pA (n = 10) and the conductance 20.7 \u00b1 0.5 pS (n = 5).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: (1) the data establishes the characteristics of L\u2010type Ca channels of human fetal hearts and their modulation by dihydropyridines; (2) the open time kinetics differ from those of avian embryonic and rat fetal hearts; and (3) the findings provide new and relevant information for understanding the physiologic behavior of unitary Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels in the developing human heart and the baseline comparison for diseases that implicate Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels in their etiology, such as autoimmune\u2010associated congenital heart block.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00246.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T14:04:02Z","timestamp":1177077842000},"page":"692-700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Unitary Current Analysis of L\u2010type Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> Channels in Human Fetal Ventricular 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